Characterization of DC-100 cells following activation. (A) Surface expression of maturation markers HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, and CD86 was measured in untreated cells (first column) and after activation with LPS (second column), TNF-α (third column), or both (fourth column). Marker expression was compared to that of unstained controls (first row). (B) Expression of CD1a and langerin was measured in unactivated (untreated) and activated (LPS plus TNF-α) DC-100 cells. (C) Expression of DC-SIGN in untreated and LPS-plus-TNF-α-treated DC-100 cells.