Expression and characterization of bi-DCD. (A) SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified recombinant PBCV-1 bi-DCD (lane 2). Lane 1 is from an empty vector, pET-23a+, that was cultured, expressed, and fractionated in parallel with pET-dCD. Molecular mass markers (in kilodaltons) are from Bio-Rad (low-range standards). (B) TLC analysis. Lanes 1 and 3 are dCMP and dUMP standards, respectively; lane 2 is the product of dCMP deamination by bi-DCD. (C) Lanes 1 and 3 are dCTP and dUTP standards, respectively; lane 2 is the product of dCTP deamination by bi-DCD.