Table 1.
Periosteal stretching |
Vascular engorgement |
Microfractures |
Facet arthritis |
Intervertebral disc disease |
Overt fractures of vertebrae, sacrum |
Spondylolysis/-listhesis |
Sarcoma—very rare |
Periosteal stretching |
Vascular engorgement |
Microfractures |
Facet arthritis |
Intervertebral disc disease |
Overt fractures of vertebrae, sacrum |
Spondylolysis/-listhesis |
Sarcoma—very rare |