Table 3. Mixed model nested ANOVA on residual spermathecal duct length.

Source	DF	SS	MS	F	P
Species	1	18.852	18.95	17.57	0.0138*
Infect	1	1.911	1.91	3.69	0.0588
Pop(Species)	4	4.291	1.07	2.07	0.0937
Pop×Infect(Species)	5	18.467	3.69	7.14	<0.0001*
Error	69	35.705	0.52

Population (random factor) is nested within species (fixed factor), as is the population×infection interaction effect. Infect = infection status (fixed factor);

^* = signifcant at alpha = 0.05.