Table 1.

Characteristics of Respondents (N = 1,144)

Characteristics	No. (%) or Mean (SD)
Demographic characteristics
Age, years, mean (SD)	49.0 (8.3)
Women	300 (26)
Ethnicity
Asian	138 (12)
Black, non-Hispanic	26 (2)
Hispanic/Latino	57 (5)
White, non-Hispanic	869 (78)
Other	31 (3)
Region
South	386 (34)
Midwest	276 (24)
Northeast	264 (23)
West	216 (19)
Foreign medical graduates	224 (20)
Practice characteristics
Primary specialty
Family practice	158 (14)
General internal medicine	129 (11)
Internal medicine subspecialties	231 (20)
Obstetrics and gynecology	80 (7)
General pediatrics	87 (8)
Pediatric subspecialties	60 (5)
Psychiatry	100 (9)
Surgical subspecialties	100 (9)
Other	197 (17)
Board certified	988 (87)
Receive educational loan repayment	14 (1)
Work in an academic health center	354 (32)
Religious characteristics
Spirituality
Low	294 (26)
Moderate	535 (48)
High	293 (26)
Intrinsic religiosity
Low	407 (37)
Moderate	292 (27)
High	399 (36)
Attendance at religious services
Never	114 (10)
Once a month or less	499 (44)
Twice a month or more	515 (46)
Religious affiliation
None*	117 (10)
Catholic	244 (22)
Jewish	181 (16)
Other religion	157 (14)
Protestant	428 (38)
Religious beliefs influence medicine
Strongly disagree/disagree	485 (43)
Agree	426 (38)
Strongly agree	208 (19)
Intrinsic motivations for work
Family emphasized service to the poor
Strongly disagree/disagree	232 (21)
Agree	548 (49)
Strongly agree	343 (31)
Practice of medicine is a calling
Strongly disagree/disagree	316 (29)
Agree	438 (40)
Strongly agree	352 (32)

Note: Totals do not all sum to 1,144 because of partial nonresponse. Percentages do not all sum to 100 because of rounding error.

* Includes atheist, agnostic, and none.