Immunoelectron microscopy of human spermatozoa: A and B: cross sections of the mid-piece of a human sperm tail, stained with anti-RSP44 antibody. Inside the layer of outer dense fibers, note the gold particles in the axoneme between the central microtules and the outer doublet of microtubules corresponding to the region occupied by the radial spokes. C: A longitudinal section of the principal piece of a human spermatozoon stained with anti-RSP44 serum. Note the gold particles associated with axonemal structure of the sperm tail. D: A schematic diagram of a cross section of the mid-piece of a human sperm illustrating the ultrastructural details of the axoneme (drawn based on Fawcett, 1975). E and F: A cross section (E) and a longitudinal section (F) of the principal piece of the human spermatozoon stained with pre-immune serum reveals absence of gold particles. FS: Fibrous sheath, ODF: outer dense fiber, Axo: Axoneme, Mito: Mitochondrion.