Fig. 1.

Effect of voluntary RW exercise, oral administration of caffeine, or a combination of exercise and caffeine on tissue fat. SKH-1 mice (10 per group) were treated with RW exercise, oral caffeine [0.1 or 0.4% in the drinking water (0.1 or 0.4 CF)], or a combination of RW and CF for 2 weeks. The weight of the parametrial fat pads and the thickness of the dermal fat layer were determined. Using Tukey's multiple comparison test for parametrial fat pad measurements, we found that the CF (0.1) + RW group was different from the CF (0.1) group in experiments 1 and 2. For the thickness of the dermal fat layer, the CF (0.1) + RW group was different from the CF (0.1) group in experiment 1 and from the RW group in experiments 1 and 2. When we combined data from experiments 1 and 2, the dermal fat thickness from animals treated with CF (0.1) + RW was significantly different from the dermal fat thickness in animals treated with CF (0.1) (P < 0.01).