TABLE 1.
Incidence and OR for diarrhea pathogenicity for potential enteropathogens detected in a cohort study of children monitored from birth until up to 2 years of age in Guinea-Bissau from 1996 to 1998a
| Organism | Incidence (no. of infections/ child-yr at risk)b | Multivariable OR for diarrhea, adjusted for:
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age and sex (95% CI) for all infections | Age, sex, and presence of multiple enteropathogens in same stool specimen (95% CI)
|
|||
| All infections | Primary infections | |||
| Rotavirus | 0.57 (116/204.5) | 6.06 (4.06-9.05) | 5.75 (3.77-8.75) | 7.07 (4.30-11.6) |
| EAggEC | 9.66 (1939/200.7) | 0.69 (0.58-0.81) | 0.66 (0.56-0.79) | 0.59 (0.27-1.26) |
| DAEC | 7.32 (1468/200.7) | 0.77 (0.64-0.94) | 0.85 (0.66-1.07) | 0.82 (0.35-1.88) |
| A/EEC | 6.34 (1272/200.7) | 0.88 (0.73-1.06) | 0.91 (0.73-1.13) | 1.45 (0.81-2.59) |
| ST-only ETEC | 1.06 (212/200.8) | 1.79 (1.28-2.51) | 1.87 (1.32-2.65) | 1.51 (0.90-2.53) |
| LT-only ETEC | 2.45 (493/200.8) | 0.84 (0.62-1.13) | 0.84 (0.61-1.15) | 1.52 (0.94-2.46) |
| STLT ETEC | 0.95 (191/200.8) | 1.19 (0.81-1.75) | 0.97 (0.62-1.52) | 1.03 (0.58-1.82) |
| Stx1-producing STEC | 0.05 (10/201.1) | 1.19 (0.24-5.90) | 1.11 (0.21-5.75) | 1.15 (0.17-7.99) |
| Stx2-producing STEC | 0.08 (16/201.1) | 5.34 (2.10-13.6) | 5.09 (1.53-16.9) | 5.41 (1.64-17.9) |
| Shigella spp. or EIEC | 0.29 (61/210.2) | 1.84 (0.95-3.57) | 1.87 (0.85-4.16) | 2.95 (1.31-6.62) |
| S. enterica | 0.57 (105/185.1) | 0.81 (0.43-1.52) | 0.81 (0.43-1.52) | 0.86 (0.39-1.89) |
| Campylobacter spp. | 0.35 (70/198.5) | 0.27 (0.08-0.89) | 0.19 (0.03-1.03) | 0.24 (0.05-1.21) |
| C. parvum | 0.33 (54/161.3) | 2.12 (1.18-3.79) | 2.12 (1.18-3.79) | 2.09 (1.10-3.97) |
| Isospora spp. | 0.07 (11/168.7) | 3.55 (1.15-11.0) | 6.75 (2.15-21.2) | 9.80 (2.45-39.1) |
| G. lamblia | ||||
| Cyst or trophozoite | 3.57 (602/168.7) | 0.65 (0.48-0.89) | 0.64 (0.46-0.89) | 0.83 (0.46-1.50) |
| Trophozoite | 1.85 (312/168.7) | 0.98 (0.69-1.39) | 0.97 (0.67-1.41) | 0.66 (0.34-1.27) |
| Entamoeba coli | ||||
| Cyst or trophozoite | 0.47 (79/168.7) | 0.58 (0.23-1.45) | 0.33 (0.12-0.90) | 0.26 (0.056-1.19) |
| Trophozoite | 0.11 (19/168.7) | 1.01 (0.32-3.20) | 1.10 (0.34-3.58) | 1.39 (0.36-5.38) |
| Entamoeba histolytica or E. dispar | ||||
| Cyst or trophozoitec | 0.08 (13/168.7) | 0.96 (0.12-7.56) | 1.29 (0.11-15.1) | 1.29 (0.06-27.3) |
| E. nana | ||||
| Cyst or trophozoited | 0.13 (22/168.7) | 0.75 (0.19-2.98) | 1.55 (0.35-6.83) | 2.82 (0.62-12.8) |
| C. mesnilli | ||||
| Cyst or trophozoite | 0.20 (33/168.7) | 1.54 (0.61-3.90) | 1.68 (0.64-4.41) | 0.86 (0.21-3.50) |
| Trophozoite | 0.09 (15/168.7) | 0.90 (0.19-4.33) | 0.73 (0.22-2.39) | Not computable |
| B. hominis | ||||
| Cyst | 0.14 (23/168.7) | 1.24 (0.42-3.63) | 2.70 (0.87-8.40) | 3.16 (0.88-11.4) |
| S. stercoralis larvae | 0.21 (35/168.7) | 0.26 (0.04-1.67) | 0.29 (0.07-1.32) | Not computable |
Note that enteropathogens that represented <10 infections were not included in the table.
The number of child-years at risk may vary between potential enteropathogens, mainly because of differences in number of stool specimens analyzed. Approximately 20% of the stool specimens were collected as rectal swabs, which is why detection of parasites was not possible. In contrast, all specimens were examined for rotavirus. Slightly fewer specimens were examined for bacteria due to intermittent and short-lived problems with medium production or accidental drying up of stab cultures.
Only one trophozoite.
Only two trophozoites.