Table 4.
Circulating adiponectin, TNFα, cortisol, and FFA concentrations before and after the intervention.
| EX (n = 18) | CR (n = 18) | HL(n = 10) | Among group P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adiponectin, μg/mL | ||||
| Baseline | 11.0 ± 3.8 | 13.3 ± 6.8 | 8.6 ± 3.0 | |
| Final | 12.9 ± 4.7† | 15.5 ± 6.8† | 6.7 ± 1.6 | 0.005 |
| Change | 1.9 ± 4.0 | 2.2 ± 4.7 | −1.9 ± 2.6* | |
| TNFα, pg/mL | ||||
| Baseline | 1.34 ± 0.70 | 1.13 ± 0.52 | 1.17 ± 0.89 | |
| Final | 1.09 ± 0.56 | 0.93 ± 0.46 | 1.11 ± 0.70 | 0.53 |
| Change | −0.25 ± 0.56 | −0.20 ± 0.26 | −0.06 ± 0.41 | |
| TNFα: adiponectin ratio, ×10−8 | ||||
| Baseline | 13.2 ± 7.7 | 11.0 ± 6.7 | 13.8 ± 7.9 | |
| Final | 10.1 ± 7.3† | 7.2 ± 4.0† | 15.7 ± 6.5 | 0.0009 |
| Change | −3.0 ± 6.4 | −3.9 ± 4.1* | 1.9 ± 5.2 | |
| Cortisol, μg/mL | ||||
| Baseline | 11.9 ± 4.1 | 15.4 ± 4.7 | 12.8 ± 2.7 | |
| Final | 11.8 ± 4.9 | 11.4 ± 3.2 | 10.6 ± 3.1 | 0.30 |
| Change | −0.1 ± 4.4 | −4.0 ± 4.1 | −2.2 ± 4.2 | |
| FFA, μmol/L | ||||
| Baseline | 646 ± 210 | 569 ± 231 | 603 ± 207 | |
| Final | 586 ± 254 | 501 ± 203 | 616 ± 175 | 0.39 |
| Change | −60 ± 336 | −68 ± 306 | 13 ± 152 | |
*
P ≤ 0.05 for within group change by paired t-test.
†
P ≤ 0.05 versus HL group for baseline-adjusted final values by ANCOVA and Tukey tests. Baseline values for cortisol were significantly greater in CR than in EX according to ANOVA and Tukey test. Baseline values for all other variables were not different among groups according to ANOVA tests. “Among group P” reflects the significance of the among-group differences in final values for each outcome after adjustment for baseline values using ANCOVA. Data are arithmetic means ± SD. TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-α; FFA, free fatty acids. All analytes were measured in serum.