Figure 2.

Electric field protocols. In single polarity (SP) electric field protocol direct electric pulses are applied between two opposite electrodes. While in both polarities (BP) electric field protocol alternating electric pulses are applied between two opposite electrodes. In orthogonal single polarity (OSP) electric field protocol direct electric pulses are applied between both opposite pairs of electrodes. While in orthogonal both polarities (OBP) electric field protocol alternating electric pulses are applied between both opposite pairs of electrodes. Signals in the middle represent applied voltage to the electrodes. Symbols on the right represent electric field protocols in which arrows represent directions of electric field in the centre between the electrodes.