Fig. 4.

Effects of membrane-bound CD40L on cytokine production of ovarian carcinoma (OVCA) cells. OVCA cells were co-cultured with irradiated CD40L⁺ or control L cells, or incubated with medium alone in 12-well plates. After 72 h of culture, supernatants were collected and interleukin (IL)-6 (a), IL-8 (b) and tumour necrosis factor-α (c) were assayed by cytometric beads array or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentrations are expressed in pg/ml. Data are from at least three independent experiments (mean ± standard deviation). *Significantly different from OVCA co-cultured with control L cells (P < 0·05).