Fig. 4.

Production of cytokines by CD4⁺ T cells. CD4⁺ T cells were stimulated as described in Fig. 3. After 12 days of dendritic cell (DC)–T cell co-culture, T cells were restimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 overnight. Interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 were measured in supernatants by means of multiplex assay. Data represent mean production ± standard error of the mean (n = 9). Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U-test. *P < 0·05.