Table 4.
Geometric mean cytokine ratios in response to stimulation of whole blood with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in the placebo and vitamin A supplemented groups.1
| Geometric mean cytokine ratios (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo group | Vitamin A supplemented group | |||||
| IFN-γ : IL-10 | TNF-α : IL-10 | IFN-γ : TNF-α | IFN-γ : IL-10 | TNF-α : IL-10 | IFN-γ : TNF-α | |
| Early pregnancy | 25·8 | 0·68 | 42·3 | 28·9 | 0·70 | 65·3 |
| (19·9- 5·33) | (0·51–0·91) | (28·3–63·2) | (22·8–36·8) | (0·50–0·97) | (42·9–99·5) | |
| Late pregnancy | 20·5 | 0·42 | 62·3 | 28·9 | 0·50 | 67·7 |
| (15·4–27·2) | (0·31–0·57) | (44·3–87·5) | (21·4–39·2) | (0·34–0·73) | (43·1–106·2) | |
| Postpartum | 48·6 | 0·50 | 113·7 | 53·5 | 0·94 | 95·0 |
| (37·3–63·5) | (0·36–0·70) | (71·9–179·9) | (41·7–68·8) | (0·60–1·50) | (68·5–131·8) | |
1
Ratios were calculated only for samples within the detection limits.
LLD: lower limit of detection. ULD: upper limit of detection. Numbers of total samples tested varied between the cytokines and time-points due to some samples having insufficient volumes for complete testing.