Fig. 4.

Vaccination with antigen and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 (TIM-1) antibodies induces cross-strain reactivity. BALB/c mice (four per group) were immunized with 10 µg Beijing influenza virus and 100 µg TIM-1 antibody (black triangles), isotype control antibody (open triangles) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (open squares). After 21 days splenocytes were harvested and cultured in vitro with increasing amounts of whole inactivated influenza viruses (a, Kiev; b, Panama; c, Shandong) for 96 h. Culture supernatants were collected after the incubation period and assayed for the presence of interferon (IFN)-γ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Interleukin (IL-4) was not detectable in these experiments. Data represent means of duplicates ± s.e.m. Statistical significance is indicated by asterisk for values compared to the isotype antibody control. ***P < 0·001.