Table 5.
Basal and ex vivo expression of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-18-activated CD3+/CD4+ T helper cells and monocytes in various groups.
| Cell type | Group | Medium control (MFI/104 leucocytes) | TNF-α activation (MFI/104 leucocytes) | % change TNF-α activation | IL-18 activation (MFI/104 leucocytes) | IL-18 % change activation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Th cells | CTL | 35·1 (25·2–48·4) | 32·4 (28·2–39·5) | 1·11 (−14·7–11·1) | 31·2 (25·5–40·3) | −11·2 (−15·5–4·54) |
| NDN | 36·2 (27·4–51·3) | 39·2 (31·6–49·7) | 8·14 (−3·8–35·3) | 57·5 (37·8–88·9)* | 13·7 (3·11–57·3)††† | |
| DN | 37·6 (23·7–53·6) | 36·5 (25·6–54·0) | 0·82 (−8·1–17·6) | 46·1 (32·7–62·1)* | 2·96 (−5·3–18·3)†‡‡ | |
| Monocytes | CTL | 64·8 (44·9–99·7) | 132 (81·8–188)** | 83·0 (19·8–225) | 63·6 (41·0–90·2) | −6·84 (−27·0–26·5) |
| NDN | 88·2 (65·3–121) | 171 (121–245)*** | 62·4 (24·8–181) | 125 (88·4–159) | −2·93 (−12·5–84·4) | |
| DN | 94·3 (68·2–160) | 198 (140–296)*** | 72·7 (29·4–168) | 97·2 (72·3–164) | 2·10 (−10·0–27·7) |
PBMC were incubated with PBS, TNF-α (20 ng/ml) or IL-18 (20 ng/ml) for 15 min. Results of the intracellular phospho-ERK were expressed as median (IQR). Kruskal–Wallis test was used to access the differences of expression between TNF-α treated or IL-18-treated and medium control groups
*
P < 0·05
**
P < 0·01
***
P < 0·001), percentage change between control (CTL) and patient groups
†
P < 0·05
†††
P < 0·001) and percentage change between NDN and DN groups
‡‡
P < 0·01).