Fig. 3.
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 diminishes degranulation in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) and non-TLR bacterial ligands. Neutrophils were incubated with the indicated concentrations of TGF-β1 for 1 h. They were then challenged with 10 µg/ml peptidoglycan (a) or 10−8 M formylated MetLeuPhe (fMLP) (b). After 2 h, supernatants were harvested and lactoferrin content determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results are representative of three separately conducted experiments. Differences between cultures with ligands only and ligands plus TGF were analysed by paired t-test: *P < 0·05; **P < 0·01; ***P < 0·001.