Table 1.
Immune and virological markers. Univariate and multivariate comparison between asymptomatic human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients.
| Asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers | HAM/TSP patients | Univariate ORa (95% CI) | Multivariate ORa,b (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex ratio (male/female) | 16/17 | 10/25 | 2·35 (0·86–6·41) | 2·32 (0·62–8·62) |
| Relatedness to a HAM/TSP patient (yes/no) | 16/17 | 7/28 | 0·27 (0·09–0·78) | 0·19 (0·03–1·10) |
| Age (years) | 40 (20)c | 52 (21)c | 1·05 (1·01–1·10) | 1·04 (0·99–1·10) |
| CD4 (cells/µl) | 836 (436)c | 781 (410)c | 0·999 (0·998–1·001) | |
| T cell proliferation (cpm) | 2247 (1972)c | 3830 (2532)c | 1·000 (1·000–1·001) | 1·00 (1·00–1·00) |
| IFN-γ (pg/ml)d | 2958 (4110)c | 5312 (10 399)c | 2·75 (1·07–7·02) | 1·49 (0·34–6·47) |
| TNF-α (pg/ml)d | 193 (267)c | 246 (230)c | 2·87 (0·80–10·24) | |
| IL-4 (pg/ml)d | 13 (19)c | 10 (22)c | 0·76 (0·29–2·05) | |
| IL-5 (pg/ml)d | 53 (115)c | 85 (154)c | 1·42 (0·70–2·90) | |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 376 (243)c | 290 (234)c | 1·000 (0·998–1·002) | |
| IP-10 (pg/ml)d | 131 (197)c | 309 (345)c | 2·70 (1·04–7·02) | 1·17 (0·41–3·30) |
| sCD30 (U/ml) | 16 (13)c | 23 (19)c | 1·07 (1·02–1·13) | 1·02 (0·96–1·09) |
| Proviral load (HTLV-1 copy number/104 PBMC)d | 561 (1372)c | 1779 (1532)c | 8·87 (2·39–32·88) | 9·10 (1·24–66·91) |
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.
The ORs are expressed per unit increase in the independent variables.
Logistic regression model (enter approach) including: T cell proliferation, interferon (IFN)-γ, interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, sCD30, proviral load, age, sex and relatedness to a HAM/TSP patient.
Median (interquartile range).
For univariate and/or multiple logistic regression analyses, the distributions of IFN-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IP-10 and proviral load were normalized by log10 transformation. PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells.