β-gal expression in heterozygous and homozygous knockout mice compared with N-CAM mRNA localization. Whole mounts of heterozygous (A and C) and of homozygous (B and D) N-CAM knockout embryos, stained for β-gal expression at E9.5 (A and B) and E13.5 (C and D), expressed β-gal throughout the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Homozygous E9.5 embryos appeared to express a greater amount of β-gal than heterozygotes (Fig. 3B) and β-gal activity quantitated by enzymatic assay was 2-fold higher in homozygotes, possibly reflecting a gene dosage effect. At E13.5 there was increased β-gal expression in the brain. (E and G) Sections of β-gal-stained E13.5 embryos. β-gal expression was localized throughout the spinal cord and in the dorsal root ganglia (E). In the brain, β-gal was expressed in the postmitotic neurons of the hindbrain and the midbrain as well as the in the floor plate (G). (F and H) In situ hybridization of E13.5 sections with N-CAM RNA probes. The expression of β-gal was similar to the pattern of N-CAM mRNA expression visualized by in situ hybridization. sc, spinal cord; drg, dorsal root ganglia; fp, floor plate; mb, midbrain; hb, hindbrain. (A and B, ×2.5; C and D, ×1.25; E and F, ×35; G and H, ×11.