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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: Am Biol Teach. 2006 Nov;68(9):e148–e153. doi: 10.1662/0002-7685(2006)68[e148:UOTGMT]2.0.CO;2

Table 3.

The χ2-test analysis of the sample crossing data. The χ2-value is defined as SUMMATION of [(Observed-Expected)2/Expected], and the critical χ2-value for α=0.05 is 3.841 (df=1) or 7.815 (df=3).

Types of Crosses(♀ X ♂) F1 Seedlings Phenotypes F2 Seedlings Phenotypes Expected Ratios χ2-test Results(α=0.05)
Col X CA1 All had CA1 leaf shape. 53 (CA1)
22 (Col)
3:1 χ2-value=0.751
p-value >0.05 (df=1)
gl1 X Col All had Col leaf surface. 69 (Col)
26 (gl1)
3:1 χ2-value=0.284
p-value >0.05 (df=1)
Col X gl1 All had Col leaf surface. 72 (Col)
0 (gl1)
3:1 χ2-value=24.0
p-value <0.05 (df=1)
gl1 X CA1 All had Col leaf surface and CA1 leaf shape. 85 (CA1)
15 (Col)
11 (CA1 gl1)
17 (gl1)
9:3:3:1 χ2-value=22.889
p-value <0.05 (df=3)