Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Canadian Medical Association Journal logoLink to Canadian Medical Association Journal
. 1969 Sep 6;101(5):247–258.

The triplo-X female: an appraisal based on a study of 12 cases and a review of the literature.

M L Barr, F R Sergovich, D H Carr, E L Saver
PMCID: PMC1946229  PMID: 5812107

Full text

PDF
247

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANDERSON I. F., GOELLER E. A., WALLACE C. SEX CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES IN A POPULATION OF 1,662 MENTAL DEFECTIVES. S Afr Med J. 1964 May 16;38:346–349. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anders J. M., Jagiello G., Polani P. E., Giannelli F., Hamerton J. L., Leiberman D. M. Chromosome findings in chronic psychotic patients. Br J Psychiatry. 1968 Sep;114(514):1167–1174. doi: 10.1192/bjp.114.514.1167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Anders J. M., Moores E. C., Emanuel R. Chromosome studies in 156 patients with congenital heart disease. Br Heart J. 1965 Sep;27(5):756–762. doi: 10.1136/hrt.27.5.756. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BARR M. L., CARR D. H. Sex chromatin, sex chromosomes and sex anomalies. Can Med Assoc J. 1960 Nov 5;83:979–986. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Baikie A. G., Garson O. M., Weste S. M., Ferguson J. Numerical abnormalities of the X chromosome. Frequency among inpatients of a general hospital and in a general population. Lancet. 1966 Feb 19;1(7434):398–400. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(66)91393-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bishun N. P. Karyotype-phenotype correlations in a series of females with amenorrhoea. Acta Genet Stat Med. 1968;18(5):479–486. doi: 10.1159/000152171. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bradfield R. B., Curtis D. E. Estimating energy expenditure. Lancet. 1968 Mar 2;1(7540):478–478. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(68)92818-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Brody J., Fitzgerald M. G., Spiers A. S. A female child with five X chromosomes. J Pediatr. 1967 Jan;70(1):105–109. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(67)80172-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Brown W. M., Jacobs P. A., Brunton M. Chromosome studies on randomly chosen men and women. Lancet. 1965 Sep 18;2(7412):561–562. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(65)90867-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. CARR D. H., BARR M. L., PLUNKETT E. R. An XXXX sex chromosome complex in two mentally defective females. Can Med Assoc J. 1961 Jan 21;84:131–137. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. CLOSE H. G. TWO APPARENTLY NORMAL TRIPLE-X FEMALES. Lancet. 1963 Dec 28;2(7322):1358–1359. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)90739-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. COWIE V., COPPEN A., NORMAN P. Nuclear sex and body-build in schizophrenia. Br Med J. 1960 Aug 6;2(5196):431–433. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5196.431. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. DAVIDSON W. M., SMITH D. R. A morphological sex difference in the polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes. Br Med J. 1954 Jul 3;2(4878):6–7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.4878.6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. DAVIES T. S. Buccal smears and sex chromatin. Br Med J. 1963 Jun 8;1(5344):1541–1542. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5344.1541-c. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. DAY R. W., WRIGHT S. W., KOONS A., QUIGLEY M. XXX 21-trisomy and retinoblastoma. Lancet. 1963 Jul 20;2(7299):154–155. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)92629-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. DE CARLI L., NUZZO F., CHIARELLI B., POLI E. Trisomic condition of a large chromosome in a woman with mongoloid traits. Lancet. 1960 Jul 16;2(7142):130–131. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(60)91270-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Dapunt O., Ganner E. Triplo-X-females. Gonosomale Trisomie mit fakultativer geistiger und sexueller Minderentwicklung. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1968 Apr 19;110(16):1006–1011. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Di Cagno L., Franceschini P. Feeblemindedness and XXXX karyotype. J Ment Defic Res. 1968 Sep;12(3):226–236. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. FERGUSON-SMITH M. A. Eunuchoidism. Chromosome studies in Klinefelter's syndrome. Proc R Soc Med. 1963 Jul;56:577–578. doi: 10.1177/003591576305600718. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. FORTEZA G., BONILLA F., BAGUENA R., MONMENEU S., GALBIS M., JUAN A., ZARAGOZA V. AMENORREA PRIMARIA CON MOSAICO XX/XXX. Rev Esp Obstet Ginecol. 1964 May-Jun;23:179–191. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. FRASER J. H., CAMPBELL J., MACGILLIVRAY R. C., BOYD E., LENNOX B. The XXX syndrome frequency among mental defectives and fertility. Lancet. 1960 Sep 17;2(7151):626–627. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(60)91696-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. FULLER R. W., WEBER A. N. Hypertelorism in association with chromatin sex abnormality in two siblings. Am J Ment Defic. 1962 May;66:844–848. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Fujita H., Yamamoto K. [Cases of Klinefelter's syndrome and triple-X with maternal chromosome anomaly--screening of mentally retarded children]. Nihon Shonika Gakkai Zasshi. 1967 Feb 1;71(2):134–140. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. GIANNELLI F. The pattern of X-chromosome deoxy-ribonucleic acid synthesis in two women with abnormal sex-chromosome complements. Lancet. 1963 Apr 20;1(7286):863–865. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)91632-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Gautier M., Nouaille J. Etude systématique du corpuscule de Barr chez 500 nourrissons atteints de cardiopathie congénitale sévère. Arch Fr Pediatr. 1967 Jan;24(1):109–109. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. HAMERTON J. L., JAGIELLO G. M., KIRMAN B. H. Sex-chromosome abnormalities in a population of mentally defective children. Br Med J. 1962 Jan 27;1(5273):220–223. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5273.220. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Haas L., Lewis F. J. Double trisomy: trisomy 17-18 with triple X in a female infant. J Pediatr. 1966 Oct;69(4):660–662. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(66)80060-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Huang S. W., Emanuel I. Down's syndrome with G-G translocation and triple-x syndrome in the same sibship. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1967 Oct-Dec;8(4):195–197. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. JACOBS P. A., BAIKIE A. G., BROWN W. M., MACGREGOR T. N., MACLEAN N., HARNDEN D. G. Evidence for the existence of the human "super female". Lancet. 1959 Sep 26;2(7100):423–425. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(59)90415-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Judd L. L., Brandkamp W. W. Chromosome analyses of adult schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1967 Mar;16(3):316–324. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1967.01730210056010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. KESAREE N., WOOLLEY P. V., Jr A PHENOTYPIC FEMALE WITH 49 CHROMOSOMES, PRESUMABLY XXXXX. A CASE REPORT. J Pediatr. 1963 Dec;63:1099–1103. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(63)80190-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Kaplan A. R. Association of a quantitative cytochemical variable, Barr body score, with length of confinement in state mental hospitals. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1966 Nov;143(5):449–453. doi: 10.1097/00005053-196611000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Kaplan A. R., Cotton J. E. Chromosomal abnormalities in female schizophrenics. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1968 Oct;147(4):402–417. doi: 10.1097/00005053-196810000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Kohn G., Winter J. S., Mellman W. J. Trisomy X in three children. J Pediatr. 1968 Feb;72(2):248–252. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(68)80316-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Lejeune J., Abonyi D. Syndrome 48, XXXX chez une fille de quatorze ans. Ann Genet. 1968 Jun;11(2):117–119. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Lenz W., Pfeiffer R. A., Tünte W. Chromosomenanomalien durch Uberzahl (Trisomien) und Alter der Mutter. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1966 Jul 15;91(28):1262–1267. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1111500. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. MACLEAN N., HARNDEN D. G., COURT BROWN W. M. Abnormalities of sex chromosome constitution in newborn babies. Lancet. 1961 Aug 19;2(7199):406–408. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(61)92486-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. MACLEAN N., MITCHELL J. M. A survey of sex-chromosome abnormalities among 4514 mental defectives. Lancet. 1962 Feb 10;1(7224):293–296. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(62)91244-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. MACLEAN N. The drumsticks of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in sex-chromosome abnormalities. Lancet. 1962 Jun 2;1(7240):1154–1158. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(62)92197-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. MARDEN P. M., SMITH D. W., MCDONALD M. J. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN THE NEWBORN INFANT, INCLUDING MINOR VARIATIONS. A STUDY OF 4,412 BABIES BY SURFACE EXAMINATION FOR ANOMALIES AND BUCCAL SMEAR FOR SEX CHROMATIN. J Pediatr. 1964 Mar;64:357–371. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(64)80188-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. MOORE K. L. Sex reversal in newborn babies. Lancet. 1959 Jan 31;1(7066):217–219. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(59)90048-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Malvaux P., van den Berghe H., de Visscher M. Caryotype 47 XXX chez une jeune fille de 22 ans phénotypiquement normale. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 1967 Jan-Feb;28(1):146–147. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. McCulloch C., Hunter W. S. A Search for Ocular Anomalies in Persons with Abnormal Numbers of Sex Chromosomes. Can Med Assoc J. 1962 Jan 6;86(1):14–16. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Mikamo K. Sex chromosomal anomalies in newborn infants. A 3-year survey of fetal membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 1968 Nov;32(5):688–699. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Márquez-Monter H., Carnevale-López A., Kofman-Alfaro S. Sex chromatin survey in 3,000 newborn infants in Mexico. Pediatrics. 1968 Mar;41(3):664–666. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Olanders S. Double barr Bodies in women in mental hospitals. Br J Psychiatry. 1967 Oct;113(503):1097–1099. doi: 10.1192/bjp.113.503.1097. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. RABOCH J., SIPOVA I. The mental level in 47 cases of true Klinefelter's syndrome. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1961 Mar;36:404–408. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.0360404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. RAPHAEL T., SHAW M. W. Chromosome studies in schizophrenia. JAMA. 1963 Mar 23;183:1022–1028. doi: 10.1001/jama.1963.63700120025010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. RICCI N., BORGATTI L. XXX 18-TRISOMY. Lancet. 1963 Dec 14;2(7320):1276–1277. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)90921-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. RIDLER M. A., SHAPIRO A., McKIBBEN W. R. Sex chromatin abnormalities in female subnormal patients. Br J Psychiatry. 1963 May;109:390–394. doi: 10.1192/bjp.109.460.390. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. ROSENKRANZ W. FAMILIAL MOSAICISM ATTRIBUTABLE TO A NEW GENE. Lancet. 1965 May 1;1(7392):963–964. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91300-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Ricci N., Dallapiccola B., Ventimiglia B., Tiepolo L., Fraccaro M. 48,XXXX-49,XXXXX mosaic: asynchronies among the late-replicating X chromosomes. Cytogenetics. 1968;7(4):249–259. doi: 10.1159/000129989. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. SANDBERG A. A., CROSSWHITE L. H., GORDY E. Trisomy of a large chromosome. Association with mental retardation. JAMA. 1960 Sep 17;174:221–225. doi: 10.1001/jama.1960.03030030001001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. SANDERSON A. R., STEWART J. S. Nuclear sexing with acetoorcein. Br Med J. 1961 Oct 21;2(5259):1065–1067. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5259.1065. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. STEWART J. S., SANDERSON A. R. Fertility and oligophrenia in an apparent triplo-X female. Lancet. 1960 Jul 2;2(7140):21–23. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(60)92664-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. SUBRAY N., PRABHAKER S. Sex chromatin anomalies in newborn babies in India. Science. 1962 Jun 29;136(3522):1116–1116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Sergovich F., Valentine G. H., Chen A. T., Kinch R. A., Smout M. S. Chromosome aberrations in 2159 consecutive newborn babies. N Engl J Med. 1969 Apr 17;280(16):851–855. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196904172801602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Takai S., Morita S., Shimamura S., Hikita M. [Abnormal sex chromosome constitution]. Sapporo Igaku Zasshi. 1964 Oct-Nov;26(4):226–244. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Taylor A. I., Moores E. C. A sex chromatin survey of newborn children in two London hospitals. J Med Genet. 1967 Dec;4(4):258–259. doi: 10.1136/jmg.4.4.258. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. UCHIDA I. A., LEWIS A. J., BOWMAN J. M., WANG H. C. A case of double trisomy: trisomy No. 18 and triplo- X. J Pediatr. 1962 Apr;60:498–502. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(62)80110-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. WIESLI B. [Comparison of the phenotype and nuclear morphological sex in 3029 newborn infants]. Acta Anat (Basel) 1962;51:377–383. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Worling R. V. Sex chromosome mosalicism associated with a psychiatric problem. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 1968 Oct;13(5):455–457. doi: 10.1177/070674376801300514. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. ZELLWEGER H., ABBO G. FAMILIAL MOSAICISM ATTRIBUTABLE TO A NEW GENE. Lancet. 1965 Feb 27;1(7383):455–457. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91588-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Medical Association Journal are provided here courtesy of Canadian Medical Association

RESOURCES