Table 1.
Association between cumulative mortality within 1 year and patient characteristics in 326 episodes of infective endocarditis
| Mortality during n (%) | |||||||||
| N | In-hospitala | p value | 3 months | p value | 6 months | p value | 1 year | p value | |
| Sex | 0.423 | 0.261 | 0.328 | 0.707 | |||||
| Male | 234 | 35 (15.0) | 34 (14.7) | 38 (16.5) | 39 (17.0) | ||||
| Female | 92 | 11 (12.0) | 9 (9.9) | 11 (12.1) | 14 (15.7) | ||||
| Age | 0.065 | 0.022 | 0.013 | 0.004 | |||||
| 18–64 years | 209 | 23 (11.0) | 21 (10.2) | 24 (11.6) | 25 (12.1) | ||||
| ≥65 years | 117 | 23 (19.7) | 22 (19.0) | 25 (21.8) | 28 (24.9) | ||||
| Etiology | 0.031b | 0.004b | 0.012b | 0.036b | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 75 | 14 (18.7) | 14 (18.9) | 15 (20.3) | 15 (20.3) | ||||
| CoNSc | 31 | 6 (19.4) | 6 (19.4) | 6 (19.4) | 6 (19.4) | ||||
| Viridans streptococci | 67 | 10 (14.9) | 8 (12.0) | 11 (16.8) | 12 (18.4) | ||||
| Enterococcus faecalis | 25 | 2 (8.0) | 2 (8.0) | 2 (8.0) | 3 (12.8) | ||||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 11 | 5 (45.5) | 5 (45.5) | 5 (45.5) | 5 (45.5) | ||||
| Other | 28 | 2 (7.1) | 1 (3.6) | 2 (7.3) | 2 (7.3) | ||||
| Negative | 89 | 7 (7.9) | 7 (8.1) | 8 (9.2) | 10.(11.6) | ||||
| Affected valves | <0.001b | <0.001b | <0.001b | <0.001b | |||||
| Aortic | 113 | 16 (14.2) | 15 (13.4) | 16 (14.4) | 17 (15.4) | ||||
| Mitral | 96 | 6 (6.3) | 7 (7.3) | 8 (8.4) | 9 (9.5) | ||||
| Tricuspid | 18 | 2 (11.1) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (11.8) | ||||
| Two native valves | 32 | 14 (43.8) | 13 (40.6) | 14 (43.8) | 15 (46.9) | ||||
| Prosthetic valve(s) | 67 | 8 (11.9) | 7 (10.6) | 9 (13.7) | 10 (15.3) | ||||
| Echocardiography | |||||||||
| Major criterion | 0.343 | 0.090 | 0.028 | 0.012 | |||||
| Yes | 221 | 37 (16.7) | 34 (15.6) | 40 (18.4) | 44 (20.4) | ||||
| No | 105 | 9 (8.6) | 9 (8.7) | 9 (8.7) | 9 (8.7) | ||||
| Vegetation | 0.097 | 0.047 | 0.010 | 0.003 | |||||
| Yes | 198 | 36 (18.2) | 32 (16.3) | 38 (19.5) | 42 (21.7) | ||||
| No | 128 | 10 (7.8) | 11 (8.7) | 11 (8.7) | 11 (8.7) | ||||
| Neurological eventsd | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.005 | |||||
| Yes | 86 | 21 (24.4) | 19 (22.5) | 21 (24.9) | 22 (26.1) | ||||
| No | 240 | 25 (10.4) | 24 (10.1) | 28 (11.8) | 31 (13.2) | ||||
| Peripheral embolid | 0.032 | 0.073 | 0.016 | 0.022 | |||||
| Yes | 102 | 22 (22.0) | 18 (18.3) | 22 (22.6) | 23 (23.7) | ||||
| No | 224 | 24 (10.6) | 25 (11.1) | 27 (12.1) | 30 (13.5) | ||||
| Heart failured | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 178 | 41 (23.0) | 38 (21.8) | 44 (25.5) | 47 (27.5) | ||||
| No | 148 | 5 (3.4) | 5 (3.4) | 5 (3.4) | 6 (4.1) | ||||
| In-hospital surgery | 0.751 | 0.614 | 0.551 | 0.552 | |||||
| Yes | 89 | 15 (16.9) | 13 (14.7) | 15 (17.0) | 16 (18.2) | ||||
| No | 237 | 31 (13.1) | 30 (12.8) | 34 (14.6) | 37 (16.0) | ||||
| CRP on admissione | 0.005 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| ≥100 mg/l | 148 | 28 (18.9) | 29 (19.7) | 31 (21.1) | 34 (23.3) | ||||
| < 100 mg/l | 124 | 8 (6.5) | 5 (4.1) | 8 (6.6) | 8 (6.6) | ||||
| Creatinine on admissionf | 0.075 | 0.017 | 0.052 | 0.160 | |||||
| ≥100 μmol/l | 108 | 28 (18.9) | 19 (17.7) | 19 (17.7) | 19 (17.7) | ||||
| < 100 μmol/l | 174 | 17 (9.8) | 15 (8.7) | 18 (10.4) | 22 (12.8) | ||||
aMean (SD) duration of in-hospital treatment was 55 (33), range 4 to 272 days; bp values for overall group differences; ccoagulase-negative staphylococci; dwithin 3 months from admission; edata available for 272 episodes; fdata available for 282 episodes