Table 4.

Factors predicting in-hospital^a mortality and mortality within 1 year from admission in 326 episodes of infective endocarditis

	Hazard ratio for in-hospital death	95% CI	p value	Hazard ratio for death within 1 year	95% CI	p value
Age			0.068			0.005
18–64 years	1			1
≥65 years	1.72	1.0–3.03		2.17	1.27–3.70
Sex			0.426			0.707
Female	1			1
Male	1.32	0.67–2.60		1.12	0.61–2.10
Etiology			0.060b			0.066b
Staphylococcus aureus	1			1
CoNSc	0.87	0.33–2.26		0.93	0.36–2.40
Viridans streptococci	0.90	0.40–2.03		0.85	0.40–1.81
Enterococcus faecalis	0.36	0.08–1.57		0.55	0.16–1.90
Streptococcus pneumoniae	2.37	0.85–6.59		2.58	0.94–7.09
Other pathogens	0.35	0.08–1.54		0.31	0.07–1.36
Culture negative	0.42	0.17–1.05		0.51	0.23–1.13
Affected valves			<0.001b			<0.001b
Prosthetic	1			1
Aortic	1.13	0.48–2.65		1.01	0.46–2.19
Mitral	0.45	0.16–1.31		0.60	0.24–1.47
Tricuspid	1.04	0.22–4.88		0.73	0.16–3.35
Two native valves	3.55	1.49–8.47		3.75	1 68–8.34
Echocardiography
Major Criterion			0.346			0.015
No	1			1
Yes	1.43	0. 68–3.00		2.44	0.19–5.0
Vegetation			0.102			0.005
No	1.			1
Yes	1.81	0.90–3.68		2.62	1.35–5.09
Neurological complicationsd			0.009			0.003
No	1			1
Yes	2.17	1.21–3.90		2.30	1.34–3.96
Peripheral embolid			0.036			0.016
No	1			1
Yes	1.86	1.04–3.33		1.95	1.14–3.35
Heart failured			<0.001			<0.001
No	1			1
Yes	5.98	2.35–15.17		7.62	3.26–17.83
Serum CRP on admission			0.008			<0.001
< 100 mg/l	1			1
≥100 mg/l	2.92	1.33–6.40		3.90	1.81–8.43

^aMean (SD) duration of in-hospital treatment was 55 (33), range 4 to 272 days; ^bp values for overall group differences; ^ccoagulase-negative staphylococci; ^dwithin 3 months from admission