Table 5.

Factors predicting in-hospital^a surgery and surgery within 1 year from admission

	Hazard ratio for in-hospital surgery	95% CI	p value	Hazard ratio for surgery within 1 year	95% CI	p value
Age			<0.001			<0.001
≥65 years	1			1
18–64 years	3.03	1.76 – 5.21		2.57	1.59 – 4.13
Sex			0.003			0.013
Female	1			1
Male	2.30	1.32 – 4.02		1.83	1.14 – 2.95
Etiology			0.611b			0.178b
Staphylococcus aureus	1			1
CoNSc	1.17	0.52 – 2.63		1.07	0.49 – 2.36
Viridans streptococci	1.55	0.81 – 2.96		1.56	0.88 – 2.77
Enterococcus faecalis	0.59	0.20 – 1.76		0.53	0.18 – 1.56
Streptococcus pneumoniae	1.59	0.53 – 4.76		2.67	1.07 – 6.65
Other pathogens	1.28	0.55 – 2.97		1.30	0.61–2.77
Culture negative	1.38	0.75 – 2.54		1.34	0.77 –2.35
Affected valve			<0.001b			0.002b
Prosthetic	1			1
Aortic	1.41	0.82 – 2.42		1.47	0.87–2.48
Mitral	0.30	0.14 – 0.65		0.67	0.37–1.22
Tricuspid	NAd	NA		NA	NA
Two native valves	1.77	0.90 – 3.49		2.22	1.16–4.25
Echocardiography
Major Criterion			0.004			<0.001
No	1			1
Yes	2.99	1.63 – 5.50		2.57	1.58 – 4.18
Vegetation			0.027			0.007
No	1.			1
Yes	1.71	1.06 – 2.76		1.76	1.17 – 2.66
Neurological complicationse			0.399			0.184
No	1			1
Yes	1.22	0.77 – 1.94		1.32	0.88 – 1.99
Peripheral embolie			<0.001			0.112
No	1			1
Yes	6.12	3.97 – 9.42		1.37	0.93 – 2.03
Heart failuree			<0.001			<0.001
No	1			1
Yes	2.26	1.42 – 3.59		2.27	1.52 – 3.39
Serum CRP on admission
< 100 mg/l	1			1
≥100 mg/l	0.64	0.40–1.03	0.063	0.72	0.47–1.09	0.121
ESRf on admission
< 50 mm/h	1			1	0.28–0.78	0.004
≥50 mm/h	0.44	0.25–0.79	0.006	0.47

^aMean (SD) duration of in-hospital treatment was 55 (33), range 4 to 272 days; ^bp values for overall group differences; ^ccoagulase-negative staphylococci; ^dNA; not applicable, 0 number of cases; ^ewithin 3 months from admission; ^ferythrocyte sedimentation rate