Table 1.
Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (positive-PPV and negative-NPV) of caregiver-reported signs and symptoms among children with reported fever on the study date, based on 92 true positive and 103 true negative malaria cases, Makamba province, Burundi, 2004.
| Sign/Symptom | True positive malaria cases featuring this sign/symptom [n/92] | True negative malaria cases featuring this sign/symptom [n/103] | Sensitivity [%] | Specificity [%] | NPV [%] | PPV [%] |
| Abscess/ulcer* | 5 | 1 | 6.6 | 97.7 | 50.3 | 75.0 |
| Loss of appetite | 55 | 40 | 59.8 | 55.1 | 57.0 | 57.9 |
| Sweating | 61 | 54 | 67.8 | 54.7 | 54.7 | 53.0 |
| Somnolence | 18 | 17 | 19.8 | 80.9 | 49.7 | 51.4 |
| Shivering | 52 | 50 | 56.5 | 49.4 | 49.4 | 51.0 |
| Intermittent fever | 90 | 87 | 97.8 | 2.3 | 50.0 | 50.9 |
| Pallor | 12 | 12 | 13.0 | 86.4 | 48.7 | 50.0 |
| Rash* | 8 | 8 | 8.7 | 91.0 | 49.1 | 50.0 |
| Night cough | 52 | 60 | 56.5 | 32.6 | 42.0 | 46.4 |
| Convulsions | 5 | 6 | 5.4 | 93.2 | 48.5 | 45.5 |
| Watery diarrhoea | 29 | 38 | 31.5 | 57.3 | 44.7 | 43.3 |
| Vomiting | 24 | 38 | 26.1 | 57.3 | 42.9 | 38.7 |
| Jaundice | 5 | 8 | 5.4 | 91.0 | 48.2 | 38.5 |
| Headache | 6 | 10 | 7.4 | 87.3 | 47.9 | 38.0 |
| Bloody diarrhoea* | 1 | 2 | 1.1 | 97.8 | 48.9 | 33.3 |
| Loss of appetite AND sweating AND shivering AND intermittent fever | 40 | 24 | 43.5 | 73.0 | 55.6 | 62.5 |
* symptoms excluded as they are related to another pathology