Transcript levels of GABPα, utrophin, and ERF in mdx mouse muscle. Semiquantitative RT-PCR of utrophin, GABPα, ERF, and control GAPDH transcript levels at various times from embryonic day 16 to adult (12-mo-old) muscle. Utrophin and GABPα transcripts are shown after a 48-h exposure, and GAPDH and ERF are shown after 24-h exposure. The graph illustrates arbitrary units of each PCR product measured by ImageQuant Tool software and expressed as a ratio to GAPDH at each time point after 24-h exposure. Left y-axis refers to ratios to GAPDH obtained for utrophin and GABPα, and right y-axis refers to ERF:GAPDH ratios. E, embryonic; p, perinatal.