(a) Reversal of SNL-induced mechanical allodynia by intrathecal infusion of the peptide inhibitor of JNK D-JNKI-1 (50 μM) via an osmotic pump (0.5 μl hr−1 for 3 days) starting 10 days after SNL. *, P<0.05, compared to corresponding saline controls; t-test; n=5. (b) Reversal of SNL-induced mechanical allodynia by a bolus intrathecal injection of D-JNKI-1 (4 nmol) and SP600125 (50 nmol) 10 days after SNL. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01, compared to corresponding pre-injection baseline; ANOVA; n=6. Note that the peptide inhibitor D-JNKI-1 is more potent than the small molecule inhibitor SP600125 in reversing allodynia. Reproduced, with permission, from (Zhuang et al., 2006a).