Table 1.

Effects of IGFBP-5 on bone parameters

	System	Source of IGFBP-5	Effects observed	References
Stimulatory effects	Mouse osteoblasts in primary culture	Mammalian cell culture	Increase in thymidine incorporation into DNA	[16]
	MC3T3, human osteoblasts in primary culture	E. coli-derived	Increase in thymidine incorporation into DNA	[43]
	MG63, human osteoblasts in primary culture	E. coli-derived	Increases in osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase	[41]
	Wild type and IGF-I-deficient mice In vitro-calvarial osteoblasts In vivo-injection in parietal bones	E. coli-derived	In vitro - increase in thymidine incorporation into DNA and alkaline phophatase activity In vivo - increase in alkaline phophatase and osteocalcin mRNA	[40]
	Local or systemic injections of IGFBP-5 and IGF-I in rats	E. coli-derived	Increase in cortical bone formation, bone area, bone mineral density	[39]
	Mouse osteosarcoma cells (OS/50K8)	Expression plasmid	Increase in osteocalcin mRNA	[44]
Inhibitory effects	U2 osteosarcoma cells	Mammalian-cell culture	IGF-I-mediated cell proliferation inhibited	[19]
	Mouse osteosarcoma cells	Expression plasmid	Increase in cell doubling time (decrease in proliferation by 30%)	[44]
	MC3T3	Retrovirus	Decreased mRNAs of osteoblast specific genes; decreased bone mineralization	[47]
	IGFBP-5 transgenic mice	Systemic expression via β-actin promoter	Decrease in bone mineral density and mineralization	[46]
	IGFBP-5 transgenic mice	Osteoblast-specific expression	Transient decrease mineral apposition;in decreased trabecular bone volume and osteopenia	[45]