Figure 5.

Opposing effects of endogenous β-chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines on HIV replication in CD4⁺ PBMC of two HIV-infected individuals. CD4⁺ PBMC (T cells plus 5% monocytes) from HIV-infected subjects were stimulated with anti-CD3 plus IL-2 in the presence of either a cocktail of anti-β-chemokine antibodies (as described in Fig. 3), a cocktail of proinflammatory cytokine antagonists [sTNFR (10 μg/ml), IL-1ra (200 ng/ml), and anti-IL-6 (5 μg/ml)], a combination of both treatments, or isotype control antibodies (100 μg/ml).