In vitro PEPC activity as a function of malate concentration assayed at pH 7.4 in HEPES-KOH, with 1 mm NaHCO3−, 3 mm PEP at 25°C (for details, see “Materials and Methods”). The means and ses are for PEPC activity measured in leaf extracts from three to four different progeny of transformants R111a#3, R17#3, and A47b#6 and five different leaf extracts for wild-type (Wt) leaves. PEPC was extracted from fresh leaf material which had been either kept in the dark until sampling (for wild-type dark samples) or was collected at midday in the glasshouse under growth light conditions in July, 2006. Mean values of PEPC activity at 0 mm malate are given in Table I.