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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Jun 14;1(4):287–298. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2007.05.007

Figure 6. Reduced intracellular levels of cAMP in BECs of TLR4 mutant mice and use of Fsk to enhance resistance of BECs to invasion by type 1 fimbriated Enterobacteria.

Figure 6

A, Intracellular cAMP in superficial BECs obtained from control (HeN), TLR4 mutant (HeJ) mice, and TLR4 mutant mice treated with Fsk (HeJ+Fsk) (n=3–5).**P<0.01, relative to HeN values as well as relative to HeJ+Fsk values. B–D, Invasion of bladders of control (HeN) mice, TLR4 mutant (HeJ) mice and TLR4 mutant (HeJ) mice pretreated with Fsk by 1×108 of E. coli CI5 (B), K. pneumoniae 1236 (C), or S. aureus 54 (D). When indicated, the mice were pretreated for 1 h with forskolin via intravesicular catheter instillation and intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Bars represent the mean + S. D. in A–D. ##P<0.001; #P<0.01, relative to HeN values. ** P<0.01; * P<0.03, relative to HeJ values.