Table 3.
Summary of Regression Analysis for the Effects of Adult Children's Problems on Their Parents' Relational Well-Being
| Parent-Child Relationship Quality |
Family Relationship Strain |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||||||||
| B | SE | β | B | SE | β | B | SE | β | B | SE | β | |
| Control variables | ||||||||||||
| Female | .39 | .06 | .19*** | .39 | .06 | .20*** | .15 | .06 | .08** | .15 | .06 | .08** |
| Age | .02 | .00 | .18*** | .02 | .00 | .18*** | −.02 | .00 | −.16*** | −.02 | .00 | −.16*** |
| Income | −.00 | .00 | −.04 | −.00 | .00 | −.04 | .00 | .00 | .09** | .00 | .00 | .09** |
| Financial strain | −.08 | .04 | −.06 | −.08 | .04 | −.07* | .15 | .04 | .13*** | .15 | .04 | .13*** |
| Employed | .08 | .07 | .04 | .08 | .07 | .04 | −.01 | .07 | −.01 | −.01 | .07 | −.01 |
| Education (years) | ||||||||||||
| <12 | −.05 | .10 | −.02 | −.05 | .10 | −.02 | −.14 | .10 | −.04 | −.13 | .10 | −.04 |
| 13 – 15 | −.12 | .08 | −.06 | −.13 | .08 | −.06 | .02 | .07 | .01 | .02 | .07 | .01 |
| 16+ | −.14 | .09 | −.06 | −.15 | .09 | −.07 | .09 | .08 | .04 | .09 | .08 | .04 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Black | .14 | .15 | .03 | .13 | .15 | .03 | .05 | .14 | .01 | .05 | .14 | .01 |
| Latina/o | .27 | .18 | .06 | .27 | .18 | .05 | .19 | .16 | .03 | .20 | .16 | .03 |
| Other | .30 | .21 | .04 | .26 | .22 | .04 | .14 | .20 | .02 | .15 | .20 | .02 |
| Coresidence | −.09 | .07 | −.04 | .26 | .22 | .04 | .16 | .06 | .07* | .16 | .06 | .07** |
| Total children | .00 | .02 | .01 | .01 | .02 | .02 | .02 | .02 | .04 | .02 | .02 | .04 |
| Self-rated health | .04 | .03 | .04 | .04 | .03 | .04 | .02 | .02 | .04 | .02 | .02 | .04 |
| Neuroticism | −.14 | .05 | −.09** | −.13 | .05 | −.09** | .27 | .05 | .17*** | .27 | .05 | .17*** |
| Main effects | ||||||||||||
| Married | .22 | .07 | .10*** | .33 | .09 | .15*** | −.03 | .07 | −.01 | −.08 | .08 | −.04 |
| Children's problems | −.10 | .02 | −.19*** | −.06 | .02 | −.12* | .13 | .02 | .26*** | .11 | .02 | .23*** |
| Interaction | ||||||||||||
| Adult Children's Problems × Married | — | — | — | −.06 | .03 | −.11* | — | — | — | .03 | .03 | .04 |
| Constant | −1.15 | .36 | −1.21 | .36 | −.17 | .33 | −.14 | .33 | ||||
| Adjusted R2 | .12 | .12 | .24 | .24 | ||||||||
| Valid N | 1,036 | 1,036 | 1,026 | 1,026 | ||||||||
Note: Data from the 1995 National Survey of Midlife in the United States, respondents with at least one biological, adopted, or stepchild who is 19 years of age or older. Analyses given unweighted data with listwise deletion. Unstandardized coefficients reported in terms of standardized outcomes.
*
p ≤ .05.
**
p ≤ .01.
***
p ≤ .001 (two-tailed).