TABLE 1.

Descriptive Statistics (n = 146)

Variables	Frequency	%	Variables	Frequency	%
Predisposing factors			DNR
Age >65 y			Unknown	135	92.5
No	80	54.8	Yes	11	7.5
Yes	66	45.2	Living Will
Gender			Unknown	127	87.0
Female	91	62.3	Yes	19	13.0
Male	55	37.7	Need Factors
Race			Lost insurance
Hispanic/Latino	45	30.8	No	130	89.0
Black/African American	101	69.2	Yes	16	11.0
Religious affiliation			Cancer
No	56	38.4	No	63	43.2
Yes	90	61.6	Yes	83	56.8
Catholic			Comorbidity
No	121	82.9	No	134	91.8
Yes	24	16.4	Yes	12	8.2
Enabling factors			Length of stay
Medicaid only			Less than 3 months	40	27.4
No	114	78.1	3 months or more	106	72.6
Yes	32	21.9	Patient unaware of prognosis
Medicare only			No	102	69.9
No	110	75.3	Unknown	28	19.2
Yes	36	24.7	Yes	16	11.0
Medicaid and Medicare			Receiving pain medication
No	114	78.1	No	63	43.2
Yes	32	21.9	Yes	83	56.8
Uninsured			Difficulty with pain medication
Insured	114	78.1	No	11	13.4
Uninsured	32	21.9	Some	69	84.1
Formal support			A lot	2	2.4
No	108	74.0	Depression
Yes	38	26.0	No	94	64.4
Informal support			Unknown	43	29.5
No	103	70.5	Yes	9	6.2
Yes	43	29.5	Pain and symptom attitude index
Health care proxy			2 = most hopeful	71	69.0
Unknown	98	67.1	3	25	17.2
Yes	48	32.9	4 = neutral	45	31.0
Private insurance			5	2	1.4
No	140	95.9	6 = most pessimistic	2	1.4
Yes	6	4.1

DNR indicates do not resuscitate.

Difficulty with Pain Medications: n = 82. A transformed variable (Pain Medication Stress), incorporating all 146 observations, was used in regressions.