Table 1.
Associations between demographic characteristics of pregnant women and anaemia in pregnancy
| Risk factor | Anaemia prevalence |
Crude OR (95% CI) | P-valuea (trend) | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) | P-value (trend) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion (%) | |||||
| Maternal age (years) | |||||
| 14–19 | 285/630 (45.2) | 1 | 0.025 (0.006) | 1 | 0.060 (0.019) |
| 20–24 | 366/946 (38.7) | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) | ||
| 25–29 | 210/564 (37.2) | 0.72 (0.57–0.91) | 0.73 (0.57–0.94) | ||
| 30–34 | 92/252 (36.5) | 0.70 (0.52–0.94) | 0.71 (0.52–0.98) | ||
| ≥35 | 43/115 (37.4) | 0.72 (0.48–1.09) | 0.73 (0.47–1.13) | ||
| Tribe | |||||
| Baganda | 503/1231 (40.9) | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.020 |
| Banyankole | 82/234 (35.0) | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) | 0.78 (0.58–1.06) | ||
| Batoro | 31/102 (30.4) | 0.63 (0.41–0.98) | 0.61 (0.39–0.97) | ||
| Basoga | 54/106 (50.9) | 1.50 (1.01–2.24) | 1.57 (1.04–2.35) | ||
| Luo | 55/140 (39.3) | 0.94 (0.65–1.34) | 0.94 (0.64–1.38) | ||
| Banyarwanda | 64/142 (45.1) | 1.19 (0.84–1.68) | 1.14 (0.79–1.64) | ||
| Other | 206/551 (37.4) | 0.86 (0.70–1.06) | 0.87 (0.70–1.08) | ||
| Mother's SES indexc | |||||
| 1 (low) | 63/152 (41.4) | 1 | 0.980 (0.488) | 1 | 0.966 (0.894) |
| 2 | 74/183 (40.4) | 0.96 (0.62–1.49) | 0.95 (0.61–1.48) | ||
| 3 | 339/849 (39.9) | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) | ||
| 4 | 323/802 (40.3) | 0.95 (0.67–1.35) | 0.94 (0.65–1.35) | ||
| 5 | 69/182 (37.9) | 0.86 (0.56–1.34) | 0.87 (0.55–1.38) | ||
| 6 (high) | 96/250 (38.4) | 0.88 (0.58–1.33) | 1.01 (0.66–1.54) | ||
| Household SES indexd | |||||
| 1 (low) | 64/147 (43.5) | 1 | 0.049 (0.003) | 1 | 0.127 (0.013) |
| 2 | 88/217 (40.6) | 0.88 (0.58–1.35) | 0.88 (0.57–1.36) | ||
| 3 | 328/765 (42.9) | 0.97 (0.68–1.39) | 0.99 (0.68–1.43) | ||
| 4 | 274/710 (38.6) | 0.82 (0.57–1.17) | 0.83 (0.57–1.20) | ||
| 5 | 173/485 (35.7) | 0.72 (0.49–1.05) | 0.76 (0.51–1.12) | ||
| 6 (high) | 43/134 (32.1) | 0.61 (0.38–1.00) | 0.62 (0.38–1.04) | ||
| Gravidity (pregnancies) | |||||
| 1 | 319/693 (46.0) | 1 | 0.0002 | 1 | 0.014 |
| 2–4 | 519/1412 (36.8) | 0.68 (0.57–0.82) | 0.72 (0.58–0.90) | ||
| ≥5 | 157/400 (39.3) | 0.76 (0.59–0.97) | 0.81 (0.56–1.17) | ||
OR: odds ratio; SES: socioeconomic status.
a
P-values are from the likelihood ratio test.
b
Adjusted OR estimated from multivariate logistic regression models that included age, tribe, SES index and gravidity.
c
Woman's SES is a score based on education, personal income and occupation. High scores indicate high status.
d
Household SES is a score based on building materials, number of rooms and items owned. High scores indicate high status.