Stimulatory properties of larval released products are independent of endotoxin yet have both TLR4-dependent and -independent components. (A, C) tMφ and (B, D) IFNγ-activated tMφ from C3H/HeN or C3H/HeJ mice were cultured overnight with media alone, 0-3hRP (50 μg ml-1) or LPS (0.001 μg ml-1), in the presence of 0 (black bars) or 10 (white bars) μg ml-1 PMB. In these assays, 0-3hRP contributed the equivalent of 0.0005 μg ml-1 endotoxin to the cell culture. Supernatants from triplicate wells were pooled and analysed by ELISA for the production of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12p40. Data are the mean ± SD of two experiments. Dotted lines represent the lower limit of ELISA detection.