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CSF (black bars) and serum (gray bars) concentrations of CXCL13 in patients with a syphilis infection, either with (n = 15) or without (n = 6) CSF pleocytosis. The asterisk indicates that the P value is ≤0.001 for a comparison with patients without CSF pleocytosis. The CXCL13 values for the CSF were expressed in relation to the amount of total CSF protein to account for the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. All error bars indicate the standard error of the mean.
