Transduction by retroviral vectors leads to transgene expression enhancement in Ku80-expressing cells. (A) Expression of β-Gal 3 days after transduction. CHO and xrs6 cells were transduced by pHR′-LacZ lentiviral vectors at several MOIs. The results are expressed as the β-Gal activity. (B) Cytotoxicity evaluated by a MTT assay after CHO and xrs6 cell transduction. (C) Percentage of CHO, xrs6, and xrs6-Ku cells surviving 2 days after X-ray irradiation. Cells were plated at 5,000 cells per well in a 96-well plate and exposed to ionizing radiation 1 day later. Cell viability was evaluated by an MTT assay. (D) CHO, xrs6, and xrs6-Ku cells were transduced by LacZ encoding HR′ and SIN lentiviral vectors at an MOI of 0.1. The β-Gal activity was evaluated 3 days after transduction. The results are expressed as the relative activity of β-Gal activity in xrs6 and xrs6-Ku cells relative to the activity in transduced CHO cells (defined as 1). Bars represent the standard errors obtained from three independent experiments.