FIG. 1.

IL-15-integrated vaccine viruses display augmented CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T-cell responses. Animals were immunized subcutaneously with 2 × 10⁶ PFU of the respective virus. At the indicated time points, three to four immunized animals were sacrificed and their splenocytes harvested and pooled. Stimulator cells were prepared from syngeneic splenocytes infected with the Wyeth strain of vaccinia virus at an MOI of 5 for 6 h, followed by γ-irradiation. Responder cells were stained for intracellular IFN-γ according to the vendor's protocol (Pharmingen). Panel A depicts vaccinia virus-specific CD8⁺ T cells, and panel B depicts vaccinia virus-specific CD4⁺ T cells. Data are the means ± standard errors for two separate experiments that showed similar results.