TABLE 2.
Gene expression during SARS disease course
Gene product designation (by function or type) | Name/description | Unigene designation | Gene expressiona
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Precrisis group
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Precrisis steroid-treated group
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Crisis-phase group
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Mean ratio | P | Mean ratio | P | Mean ratio | P | |||
Antigen presentation | ||||||||
HLA-B | Major histocompatibility complex I-B | Hs.77961 | −0.63 | 0.046 | −1.39 | 0.002 | −0.88 | 0.001 |
HLA-C | Major histocompatibility complex I-C | Hs.449621 | −0.59 | 0.003 | −0.95 | 0.008 | NS | |
HLA-DMB | Major histocompatibility complex II-DM beta | Hs.351279 | −1.01 | <0.001 | −1.03 | <0.001 | −0.86 | <0.001 |
HLA-DPA1 | Major histocompatibility complex II-DP alpha 1 | Hs.347270 | −1.40 | <0.001 | −1.67 | <0.001 | −1.80 | <0.001 |
HLA-DPB1 | Major histocompatibility complex II-DP beta 1 | Hs.485130 | −1.28 | 0.002 | −1.44 | 0.03 | −1.88 | 0.003 |
HLA-DQA1 | Major histocompatibility complex II-DQ alpha 1 | Hs.198253 | NS | NS | −1.19 | 0.005 | ||
HLA-DQB1 | Major histocompatibility complex II-DQ beta 1 | Hs.409934 | −0.92 | 0.030 | −1.04 | 0.001 | −1.39 | 0.011 |
HLA-DRB3 | Major histocompatibility complex II-DR beta 3 | Hs.308026 | NS | NS | −1.18 | 0.004 | ||
HLA-E | Major histocompatibility complex I-E | Hs.118354 | −0.84 | <0.001 | −1.18 | <0.001 | −0.76 | <0.001 |
Cell death | ||||||||
BAG1 | BCL2-associated athanogene protein | Hs.377484 | −1.11 | <0.001 | −1.61 | <0.001 | −1.10 | <0.001 |
BAG3 | BCL2-associated athanogene 3 protein | Hs.643507 | −0.86 | 0.001 | −1.18 | 0.006 | −1.03 | <0.001 |
BAG4 | BCL2-associated athanogene 4 protein | Hs.194726 | −1.07 | 0.02 | −1.30 | <0.001 | −0.92 | 0.017 |
BAG5 | BCL2-associated athanogene 5 protein | Hs.5443 | −1.11 | <0.001 | −0.70 | <0.001 | −0.76 | <0.001 |
CD14 | CD14 molecule | Hs.163867 | NS | NS | −0.83 | 0.001 | ||
Homeostasis | ||||||||
MT1F | Metallothionein 1F | Hs.513626 | 1.04 | <0.001 | NS | 0.49 | 0.011 | |
MT1G | Metallothionein 1G | Hs.433391 | 1.18 | <0.001 | NS | 0.26 | 0.045 | |
MT2A | Metallothionein 2A | Hs.534330 | 1.19 | <0.001 | 0.85 | 0.013 | 0.74 | 0.045 |
Immune response and host defense | ||||||||
CXCL14 | CXC chemokine ligand 14 | Hs.483444 | 0.93 | 0.001 | NS | NS | ||
IGHG3 | Ig heavy constant gamma 3 | Hs.564623 | −0.83 | 0.005 | −1.56 | 0.005 | −1.12 | 0.012 |
SERPIN G1 | Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G, member 1 | Hs.384598 | 0.95 | <0.001 | NS | 0.50 | 0.017 | |
SOD1 | Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble | Hs.443914 | −1.10 | <0.001 | −1.15 | 0.009 | −1.19 | <0.001 |
SOD2 | Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial | Hs.487046 | −1.16 | <0.001 | NS | NS | ||
STAT6 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 | Hs.524518 | −1.77 | <0.001 | −1.66 | <0.001 | −1.30 | <0.001 |
TAP1 | Ag peptide transporter 1 | Hs.352018 | NS | NS | −0.73 | 0.032 | ||
VAV1 | Vav 1 oncogene protein | Hs.116237 | −1.03 | <0.001 | −0.95 | 0.02 | −1.09 | <0.001 |
VAV2 | Vav 2 oncogene protein | Hs.369921 | 0.84 | 0.05 | NS | NS | ||
Interferon-stimulated gene products | ||||||||
CCL19 | CC chemokine ligand 19 | Hs.50002 | −0.93 | <0.001 | −1.05 | <0.001 | −0.57 | <0.001 |
CCL2 | CC chemokine ligand 2 | Hs.303649 | 1.32 | <0.001 | 0.72 | <0.001 | NS | |
CIG5 | Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2 | Hs.17518 | 1.65 | <0.001 | 1.34 | <0.001 | 0.37 | 0.049 |
CSF2RA | Colony-stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha | Hs.520937 | 0.6 | <0.001 | 0.53 | 0.004 | 0.51 | <0.001 |
IFIT3 | IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 | Hs.47338 | 0.85 | 0.001 | NS | NS | ||
IFITM1 | IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 | Hs.458414 | 0.81 | 0.02 | NS | NS | ||
IFNGR1 | IFN-γ receptor 1 | Hs.520414 | −0.62 | 0.013 | NS | NS | ||
MT1B | Metallothionein 1B | Hs.36102 | 1.53 | <0.001 | 0.84 | 0.003 | 0.7 | 0.001 |
MT1H | Metallothionein 1H | Hs.2667 | 1.21 | <0.001 | NS | NS | ||
MXA | Myxovirus resistance 1 | Hs.517307 | 1.5 | <0.001 | 1.17 | <0.001 | NS | |
PBEF | Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor | Hs.239138 | −1.48 | <0.001 | −1.02 | 0.022 | NS | |
PSME1 | Proteasome activator subunit 1 | Hs.75348 | −0.94 | <0.001 | −1.14 | <0.001 | −1.02 | <0.001 |
SDC1 | Syndecan 1 | Hs.82109 | 1.24 | 0.006 | NS | NS | ||
SDCBP | Syndecan binding protein (syntenin) | Hs.200804 | −1.18 | <0.001 | −1.17 | 0.013 | −1.10 | 0.005 |
Gene expression ratios are F-tested by ANOVA against, and relative to, means for healthy controls (n = 10). The numbers of patients in the precrisis group, the precrisis group treated with steroids, and the crisis-phase SARS patient group were 17, 7, and 13, respectively. Mean gene expression values were considered biologically significant at 0.58 (upregulated 1.5-fold) and −0.58 (downregulated 1.5-fold). Boldface indicates upregulated genes (≥1.5-fold). Boldface with underlining indicates downregulated genes (≥1.5-fold). NS, nonsignificant.