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Effect of NS5A expression on the production of cytokines and chemokines in response to TLR ligands in macrophage cell lines. Cells (3 × 106 cells/well) were stimulated with 10 μg/ml of mCpG, 10 μg/ml of R-837, 25 ng/ml of LPS, and 10 μg/ml of PGN for the times indicated. Total RNA was extracted from macrophage cell lines expressing NS5A (gray bars) or control (white bars), and the expression of mRNA of IL-1α and Ccl2 (A) and IFN-β and IL-6 (B) was determined by real-time PCR.
