Quantitative analysis of protease activity and protease gene expression. (A) Protease activity in culture supernatants was determined with an azocasein substrate. (B) Expression of the extracellular protease genes aprV2, bprV, and aprV5 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. All values were obtained from at least three independent biological samples and are expressed relative to the wild-type (WT) strain. Strains used were WT (VCS1703A), the fimN2 mutant (JIR3896), the fimO2 mutant (JIR3886), the fimP2 mutant (JIR3890), and the pilE2 mutant (JIR3911).