Table 1. Defining mutations for Native American mtDNA haplogroups.
| Hg | HVS I | HVS II | Coding region |
| A | 16223-16290-16319 | 73-235-263 | 663, 1736, 4248, 4824, 8794 |
| A2 | 16111-16223-16290-16319-16362 | 64-73-146-153-235-263 | 8027, 12007 |
| A2a | 16111-16223-16290-16319-16362 | 64-73-146-153-235-263 | 3330 |
| B | 16189 | 73-263 | 8281-8289del |
| B4bd | 16189-16217 | 73-263 | 827, 15535 |
| B4b | 16189-16217 | 73-263 | 499, 4820, 13590 |
| B2 | 16189-16217 | 73-263 | 3547, 4977, 6473, 9950, 11177 |
| C | 16223-16298-16327 | 73-249d-263 | 3552A, 9545, 11914, 13263, 14318 |
| C1 | 16223-16298-16325-16327 | 73-249d-263-290-291d | - |
| C1b | 16223-16298-16325-16327 | 73-249d-263-290-291d | 493 |
| C1c | 16223-16298-16325-16327 | 73-249d-263-290-291d | 1888, 15930 |
| C1d | 16223-16298-16325-16327 | 73-249d-263-290-291d | 7697 |
| C4 | 16223-16298-16327 | 73-249d-263 | 2232iA, 6026, 11969, 15204 |
| C4c | 16223-16245-16298-16327 | 73-263 | 11440, 13368, 14433, 15148 |
| D | 16223-16362 | 73-263 | 4883, 5178A |
| D4 | 16223-16362 | 73-263 | 3010, 8414, 14668 |
| D1 | 16223-16325-16362 | 73-263 | 2092 |
| D2 | 16129-16223-16271-16362 | 73-263 | 3316, 7493, 8703, 9536, 11215 |
| D2a | 16129-16223-16271-16362 | 73-263 | 11959 |
| D2b | 16129-16223-16271-16362 | 73-263 | 9181 |
| D4h3 | 16223-16241-16301-16342-16362 | 73-263 | 3336, 3396, 3644, 5048, 6285, 8949, 9458, 13135 |
| D3 | 16223-16319-16362 | 73-263 | 951, 8020, 10181, 15440, 15951 |
| X | 16189-16223-16278 | 73-153-263 | 6221, 6371, 13966, 14470 |
| X2a | 16189-16213-16223-16278 | 73-153-195-200-263 | 1719, 8913, 12397, 14502 |
The full substitutional motif is shown in control region, the sub-clades defining mutations are indicated in bold.