Table 2 Postoperative outcomes.

Outcome	Analysis per protocol (n = 186)			Intention‐to‐treat analysis (n = 201)
	Study group (n = 87), no (%)	Control group (n = 99), no (%)	p Value	Study group (n = 95), no (%)	Control group (n = 106), no (%)	p Value
NNIS 30‐day infection	4 (4.6)	12 (12.1%)	0.068	4 (4.21)	12 (11.32)	0.063
Sternal wound infection (90‐day infection)	8 (9.2)	25 (25.2)	0.004	8 (8)	25 (23.5)	0.004
Superficial	4 (4.6)	11 (11.1)	0.104	4 (4.20)	11 (10.38)	0.097
Deep	2 (2.3)	8 (8.1)	0.156*	2 (2.1)	8 (7.55)	0.148*
Organ space	2 (2.3)	6 (6.1)	0.368*	2 (2.1)	6 (5.66)	0.355*
Deep + organ space	4 (4.6)	14 (14.1)	0.028	4 (4.2)	14 (13.21)	0.026
Sternal surgical debridement	4 (4.5)	19 (19.2)	0.003	4 (4.2)	19 (17.92)	0.002
Harvest site infection	4 (4.6)	7 (7.1)	0.476	5 (5.2)	7 (6.6)	0.689
Infection‐related mortality	0 (0)	2 (2.0)	0.535*	0 (0)	2 (2.0)	0.526*
All‐cause mortality	1 (1.1)	2 (2.0)	1.000*	1 (1.1)	4 (3.8)	0.630*
Postoperative renal dysfunction	11 (12.6)	18 (18.2)	0.299	12	18 (17)	0.388
Postoperative renal replacement	1 (1.1)	5 (5.1)	0.277*	2 (2.1)	5 (4.7)	0.533*
Postoperative hospital stay (days) (mean, median (range))	9.1,7,(4–73)	12.0,7,(4–69)	0.063†	9.5,7,(4–73)	11.7,7,(4–69)	0.131†
Cost of antibiotic used (US$) (mean, median (range))	358, 31 (31–12714)	454, 9 (9–21316)	<0.001	NA
Hospital cost (US$1000) (mean, median (range))	14.8, 8 (5.7–126.8)	18.6, 10, (5.7–97.3)	0.04

N/A, not assessed as excluded from analysis; NNIS, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System.

*χ² test with Yates correction

†Mann–Whitney U test.