Table 2 Heart failure: symptoms and signs.
Symptoms | Signs |
---|---|
Dyspnoea (on exertion, nocturnal) | Oedema, ascites |
Reduced exercise tolerance | Elevated jugular venous pressure |
Fatigue, lethargy | Crepitations or wheeze |
Orthopnoea | Tachycardia |
Nocturnal cough | Third heart sound, murmurs |
Wheeze | Hepatomegaly |
Anorexia | Displaced apex beat |
Confusion/delirium (elderly) | Cachexia and muscle wasting |