Table 2.
Means and Standard Deviations for Study Variables (N = 14,256 Facilities)
| Data Source | Mean | Std. Dev. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Potentially endogenous variables | |||
| State average Medicaid reimbursement rate, 2002 | Swan (2003) | 117.16 | 23.08 |
| Resident case mix (ADL score) by facility, 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 5.82 | 0.68 |
| RN hours per resident day by facility, 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 0.66 | 0.68 |
| Total nursing hours per resident day by facility, 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 3.62 | 1.17 |
| Exogenous variables | |||
| Facility resources | |||
| RN pay rate per hour, 2002 | BOL (2003b) | $22.80 | $2.69 |
| Percent Medicaid residents, 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 63.09 | 23.98 |
| Medicaid case-mix reimbursement (percent yes), 2002 | Swan (2003) | 69.19 | |
| Medicaid prospective reimbursement method (percent yes), 2002 | Swan (2003) | 33.43 | |
| State RN minimum staffing standard (hours per resident day), 2001 | Harrington et al. (2005) | 0.42 | 0.18 |
| Medicare SNF reimbursement rate, 2001 adjusted to 2003 dollars | CMS (2003) | $273.01 | $29.48 |
| Facility characteristics | |||
| For-profit facility (percent yes), 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 66.10 | |
| Multifacility system member (percent yes), 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 52.47 | |
| Hospital-based (percent yes), 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 9.78 | |
| Number of facility beds, 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 105.91 | 66.42 |
| SNF/NF dual and distinct (percent yes), 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 84.41 | |
| SNF (percent yes), 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 5.48 | |
| Demographic/economic variables (state level) | |||
| Percent of population aged 65 and older, 2002 | US BOC (2002) | 12.62 | 1.80 |
| Percent females in the labor force, 2002 | US BOLS (2003a) | 56.97 | 4.06 |
| Personal income per capita, 2002 | US DOC (2002) | $30,557 | $4,097 |
| Percent metropolitan population, 2001 | US BOC (2002) | 75.89 | 17.50 |
| State political variables | |||
| Democratic governor (percent yes), 2002 | NCSL (2002a) | 54.35 | 49.81 |
| Political party split (percent yes), 2002 | NCSL (2002b) | 31.20 | 46.33 |
| Market factors | |||
| Nursing facility Herfindahl index in county, 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 0.20 | 0.23 |
| Percent excess NF beds in county, 2002 | Harrington et al. (2003) | 14.88 | 8.12 |
| Nursing home beds per 1,000 aged +65, 2002 | Harrington et al. (2004) | 49.03 | 13.36 |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 population, 2001 | USDHHS (2003) | 3.27 | 2.59 |
RN, registered nurse; SNF, skilled nursing care; NF, nursing facility; ADL, activities of daily living.