Table 2.

Patients Initializing Dialysis in 1999 That Lived in Zip Codes That Became Relatively Closer to For-Profit Dialysis Center from 1996–1999 Compared with Patients Initiating Dialysis in 1999 Who Lived in Zip Codes without Changes in Profit Status of the Closest Dialysis Center from 1996 to 1999

		Zip Code Became Closer to For-Profit between 1996– 1999
	Patients Initiating Dialysis in 1999	Yes	No	p-Value*
Observations	29,704	1,621	28,083	—
For-profit (%)	74.28	71.31	74.46	.0049
Male (%)	51.26	49.29	51.37	.1035
75 or older (%)	54.38	54.78	54.36	.7409
Race (%)
Asian	2.60	1.60	2.67	.0090
African Americans	21.20	20.79	21.23	.6708
White	72.93	73.97	72.87	.3338
Comorbidity (%)
Cardiac arrest	0.96	1.11	0.95	.5214
Cardiac failure	42.06	42.69	42.02	.5964
Chronic pulmonary disease	10.33	9.87	10.36	.5331
Diabetes	45.24	43.62	45.33	.1774
Dysrhythmia	9.11	10.24	9.05	.1048
Hypertension	76.22	75.57	76.26	.5285
Alcohol dependence	0.59	0.49	0.59	.6167
Malignant neoplasm	7.92	7.96	7.92	.9594
Cerebrovascular disease	12.07	11.47	12.10	.4523
Drug dependence	0.05	0.06	0.05	.8366
Ischemic heart disease	33.86	36.15	33.73	.0451
Myocardial infarction	11.97	13.26	11.89	.0985
Pericarditis	0.73	0.49	0.74	.2548
Peripheral vascular disease	18.90	19.12	18.89	.8154
Current smoker	3.15	3.15	3.15	.9844
Inability to ambulate	5.31	4.87	5.33	.4247
Inability to transfer	1.90	1.67	1.91	.4593
Hospital admissions in previous year (%)
0≤x<2.0	71.66	69.95	71.76	.1183
2.0≤x<3.0	13.81	14.25	13.78	.1245
3.0≤x	14.54	15.79	14.46	.1401
Survival (%)
Survive 6 months	76.34	76.50	76.33	.8765
Survive 1 year	63.82	65.45	63.72	.1583
Health state (%)
High	56.97	53.92	57.14	.0108
Mid	22.67	29.92	22.25	<.0001
Low	20.37	16.16	20.61	<.0001

^*Two independent samples t-test.