Table 2.
Characteristics of the Working Adults Aged 19–64, by Income Group (Percentages, Except as Noted)
| 2002 | Change Since 1999 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | <200% FPL | 200–400% FPL | <200% FPL | 200–400% FPL |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 34.9 | 38.1*** | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Male | 48.0% | 53.1%*** | −0.3 | 0.3 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 51.5% | 69.7%*** | −1.6 | −3.2+++ |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 17.1% | 12.6%*** | −1.3 | 1.7+ |
| Hispanic | 27.1% | 12.4%*** | 2.9++ | 1.5++ |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 4.3% | 5.3% | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Is a citizen | 81.5% | 92.5%*** | −2.2++ | −1.7++ |
| Education | ||||
| High school or less | 62.5% | 46.8%*** | 2.5+ | 1.3 |
| Some college | 27.1% | 32.8%*** | −2.2++ | −0.4 |
| Bachelors degree or more | 10.4% | 20.4%*** | −0.2 | −0.8 |
| Family type | ||||
| Single adult, no children | 28.4% | 27.7% | −1.2 | 1.8 |
| Single adult, with children | 28.0% | 13.4%*** | −0.4 | 0.5 |
| Married adult, with children | 35.0% | 42.0%*** | −0.3 | −3.4+++ |
| Married adult, no children | 8.6% | 16.9%*** | 14.0 | 2.0+ |
| Risk averse | 52.8% | 56.6%*** | −5.6+++ | −5.1+++ |
| Employment | ||||
| Part-time worker | 24.3% | 14.0%*** | 3.0++ | 1.6++ |
| Full-time worker | 75.7% | 86.0%*** | −3.0++ | −1.6++ |
| Has worked at least 1 year at current employer | 63.4% | 78.3%*** | −1.6 | −4.4+++ |
| Employer size | ||||
| <25 workers | 40.0% | 29.6%*** | 3.3++ | 3.4+++ |
| 25–99 workers | 20.4% | 19.0% | −1.1 | −0.4 |
| 100–499 workers | 17.2% | 20.9%*** | −0.5 | −0.6 |
| 500 or more workers | 8.4% | 12.5%*** | −1.8+ | −1.7+ |
| Government worker and other | 13.3% | 17.7%*** | −0.3 | −1.0 |
| Industry | ||||
| Construction | 7.7% | 7.9% | 0.2 | 1.3+ |
| Manufacturing | 14.8% | 17.9%** | −3.6+++ | −1.9+ |
| Transportation/communication/utilities | 4.6% | 7.2%*** | −0.7 | −0.1 |
| Wholesale/retail trade | 25.8% | 18.9%*** | 3.0+++ | 2.5++ |
| Finance/insurance/real estate | 2.9% | 4.8%*** | −0.5 | −1.8+++ |
| Services | 36.5% | 35.9% | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| Agriculture/forestry/public administration | 7.4% | 7.2% | 0.7 | −0.6 |
| Average ESI premium in worker's county of residence | ||||
| Total premium for single policy (dollars) | 2,759 | 2,786 | 703+++ | 696+++ |
| Worker contribution for single policy (dollars) | 438 | 458** | 133+++ | 143+++ |
| Total premium for family policy (dollars) | 7,054 | 7,137 | 2,019+++ | 2,118+++ |
| Worker contribution for family policy (dollars) | 2,012 | 1,977 | 520+++ | 524+++ |
| Spouse employment (for those with a spouse) | ||||
| Full-time worker | 40.5% | 58.9%*** | −0.4 | −4.0++ |
| Part-time worker | 12.6% | 12.2% | 0.4 | −1.7+ |
| Potential insurance options | ||||
| Spouse's employer offers ESI | 13.2% | 30.9%*** | −0.7 | −2.1+ |
| Eligible for public coverage | 19.0% | 5.2%*** | 5.6+++ | 3.0+++ |
| Nongroup premium (dollars) | 3,223.00 | 3,948.00*** | 824.56+++ | 410.87+++ |
| Sample size | 7,084 | 9,716 | 14,996 | 20,632 |
Source: 1999 and 2002 National Survey of America's Families
Note: Income is defined as family income over the past year. Insurance coverage is defined as of the day of the survey.
* ** ***
Significantly different from workers with income <200% of FPL at the .10 (.05) (.01) level.
+ ++ +++
Significantly different from 0 at the .10 (.05) (.01) level.
ESI, employer-sponsored insurance; FPL, federal poverty level.