Table 2.
2002 | Change Since 1999 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | <200% FPL | 200–400% FPL | <200% FPL | 200–400% FPL |
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 34.9 | 38.1*** | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Male | 48.0% | 53.1%*** | −0.3 | 0.3 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
White, non-Hispanic | 51.5% | 69.7%*** | −1.6 | −3.2+++ |
Black, non-Hispanic | 17.1% | 12.6%*** | −1.3 | 1.7+ |
Hispanic | 27.1% | 12.4%*** | 2.9++ | 1.5++ |
Other, non-Hispanic | 4.3% | 5.3% | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Is a citizen | 81.5% | 92.5%*** | −2.2++ | −1.7++ |
Education | ||||
High school or less | 62.5% | 46.8%*** | 2.5+ | 1.3 |
Some college | 27.1% | 32.8%*** | −2.2++ | −0.4 |
Bachelors degree or more | 10.4% | 20.4%*** | −0.2 | −0.8 |
Family type | ||||
Single adult, no children | 28.4% | 27.7% | −1.2 | 1.8 |
Single adult, with children | 28.0% | 13.4%*** | −0.4 | 0.5 |
Married adult, with children | 35.0% | 42.0%*** | −0.3 | −3.4+++ |
Married adult, no children | 8.6% | 16.9%*** | 14.0 | 2.0+ |
Risk averse | 52.8% | 56.6%*** | −5.6+++ | −5.1+++ |
Employment | ||||
Part-time worker | 24.3% | 14.0%*** | 3.0++ | 1.6++ |
Full-time worker | 75.7% | 86.0%*** | −3.0++ | −1.6++ |
Has worked at least 1 year at current employer | 63.4% | 78.3%*** | −1.6 | −4.4+++ |
Employer size | ||||
<25 workers | 40.0% | 29.6%*** | 3.3++ | 3.4+++ |
25–99 workers | 20.4% | 19.0% | −1.1 | −0.4 |
100–499 workers | 17.2% | 20.9%*** | −0.5 | −0.6 |
500 or more workers | 8.4% | 12.5%*** | −1.8+ | −1.7+ |
Government worker and other | 13.3% | 17.7%*** | −0.3 | −1.0 |
Industry | ||||
Construction | 7.7% | 7.9% | 0.2 | 1.3+ |
Manufacturing | 14.8% | 17.9%** | −3.6+++ | −1.9+ |
Transportation/communication/utilities | 4.6% | 7.2%*** | −0.7 | −0.1 |
Wholesale/retail trade | 25.8% | 18.9%*** | 3.0+++ | 2.5++ |
Finance/insurance/real estate | 2.9% | 4.8%*** | −0.5 | −1.8+++ |
Services | 36.5% | 35.9% | 0.7 | 0.4 |
Agriculture/forestry/public administration | 7.4% | 7.2% | 0.7 | −0.6 |
Average ESI premium in worker's county of residence | ||||
Total premium for single policy (dollars) | 2,759 | 2,786 | 703+++ | 696+++ |
Worker contribution for single policy (dollars) | 438 | 458** | 133+++ | 143+++ |
Total premium for family policy (dollars) | 7,054 | 7,137 | 2,019+++ | 2,118+++ |
Worker contribution for family policy (dollars) | 2,012 | 1,977 | 520+++ | 524+++ |
Spouse employment (for those with a spouse) | ||||
Full-time worker | 40.5% | 58.9%*** | −0.4 | −4.0++ |
Part-time worker | 12.6% | 12.2% | 0.4 | −1.7+ |
Potential insurance options | ||||
Spouse's employer offers ESI | 13.2% | 30.9%*** | −0.7 | −2.1+ |
Eligible for public coverage | 19.0% | 5.2%*** | 5.6+++ | 3.0+++ |
Nongroup premium (dollars) | 3,223.00 | 3,948.00*** | 824.56+++ | 410.87+++ |
Sample size | 7,084 | 9,716 | 14,996 | 20,632 |
Source: 1999 and 2002 National Survey of America's Families
Note: Income is defined as family income over the past year. Insurance coverage is defined as of the day of the survey.
Significantly different from workers with income <200% of FPL at the .10 (.05) (.01) level.
Significantly different from 0 at the .10 (.05) (.01) level.
ESI, employer-sponsored insurance; FPL, federal poverty level.