Table 1.
Nonelderly Consumers | Elderly Consumers | Children | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arkansas | Florida | New Jersey | Arkansas | Florida | New Jersey | Florida | |
Sociodemographic* | |||||||
Self-identified race | |||||||
White only | 66.8 | 77.3 | 50.4 | 59.0 | 69.1 | 55.2 | 78.4 |
Black only or black and some other race | 26.0 | 18.6 | 42.7 | 35.6 | 27.8 | 33.8 | 16.9 |
Some other race | 7.2 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 3.0 | 11.1 | 4.7 |
Hispanic | 1.1 | 18.9 | 30.3 | 1.4 | 33.1 | 39.9 | 17.8 |
Education† | |||||||
Less than high school | 54.9 | 19.0 | 46.1 | 84.0 | 30.5 | 70.0 | 11.4 |
High school graduate | 25.4 | 27.8 | 26.7 | 12.9 | 21.4 | 13.3 | 21.9 |
Some college | 19.7 | 53.2 | 27.2 | 3.2 | 48.1 | 16.7 | 66.7 |
Living arrangement | |||||||
Lives alone | 37.3 | 9.4 | 35.9 | 30.1 | 26.9 | 34.7 | 0.0 |
Lives only with spouse | 7.5 | 0.9 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 12.4 | 11.1 | 0.0 |
Lives with others | 55.2 | 89.9 | 56.4 | 61.2 | 60.9 | 54.2 | 100.0 |
Health and functioning | |||||||
Functional independence‡ | |||||||
Transfer | 36.9 | 51.9 | 34.1 | 34.1 | 35.2 | 32.5 | 39.7 |
Bathing | 12.5 | 23.7 | 13.9 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 13.5 | 7.8 |
Using toilet | 36.6 | 38.6 | 32.2 | 32.5 | 33.1 | 33.8 | 16.6 |
Used proxy respondent§ | 24.7 | 76.5 | 28.7 | 57.4 | 59.6 | 49.7 | 99.8 |
Health status | |||||||
Excellent or good | 20.1 | 62.4 | 22.3 | 22.1 | 23.6 | 18.0 | 59.3 |
Fair | 29.9 | 23.5 | 30.8 | 31.3 | 37.6 | 39.0 | 28.5 |
Poor | 50.0 | 14.1 | 46.9 | 46.5 | 38.9 | 43.1 | 12.2 |
Total Medicaid expenditures prior year (mean dollars) | $11,547 | $19,473 | $24,677 | $7,605 | $12,970 | $16,740 | $18,838 |
Medicaid personal care/waiver program expenditures prior year (mean dollars) | $2,348 | $13,863 | $7,466 | $2,142 | $8,433 | $8,648 | $7,319 |
Had Medicare coverage | 38.7 | 44.1 | 41.5 | 95.7 | 94.3 | 90.0 | 0.0 |
Use of paid and unpaid care | |||||||
Had unpaid caregiver‡ | 91.4 | 92.7 | 84.6 | 90.5 | 82.5 | 83.9 | 99.8 |
Had paid caregiver‡ | 55.9 | 60.1 | 82.4 | 72.3 | 88.5 | 83.5 | 60.7 |
Was receiving publicly funded home care¶ | 60.6 | 64.7 | 43.5 | 79.1 | 70.6 | 46.2 | 59.1 |
Number of consumers | 279 | 456 | 404 | 725 | 453 | 467 | 501 |
Nonelderly Adults | Elderly Adults | Children | |
---|---|---|---|
Arkansas | 27.8 | 72.3 | Not eligible |
Florida | 32.2 | 32.1 | 35.6 |
New Jersey | 46.4 | 53.7 | Not eligible |
The age distribution in each state was:
In Arkansas and New Jersey, elderly adults are age 65 or older; in Florida, they are age 60 or older.
Education is meant to capture that of the primary decision maker for the program. For Florida children education is that of their parents. Education for adults in all three programs is that of the consumer, unless the consumer's representative completed the baseline interview; in that case, it is the representative's education. In particular, 90 percent of nonelderly adults in the Florida program had developmental disabilities, and more than 80 percent of nonelderly adults in that program used representatives. As a result, level of education for Florida's nonelderly adults (and for children) is relatively high. (See Table 2 for the percentages using a representative for all groups.)
Reference period for functioning and presence of caregivers was the week before the baseline survey. Consumers are categorized as functioning independently if they performed the activities without direct or standby assistance.
A proxy respondent is one who answered the majority of baseline survey questions for the consumer.
For Arkansas, the percentages reflect whether consumers were receiving publicly funded home care at baseline, regardless of how long they had been receiving it. For Florida and New Jersey, the percentages reflect whether consumers were receiving publicly funded home care for 6 months or longer at baseline. The measures differ because the Florida and New Jersey programs required beneficiaries to be receiving agency services (or, in New Jersey, to be assessed to receive them) when they enrolled; Arkansas did not have this requirement.
Source: Program records for age and use of publicly funded home care for Florida and New Jersey; Medicaid records for Medicaid expenditures and Medicare coverage; and MPR baseline survey of consumers for all other characteristics (including use of publicly funded home care for Arkansas).