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. 2007 Feb;42(1 Pt 2):446–466. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00679.x

Table 1.

Characteristics of Treatment Group Consumers at Enrollment (Percent, Unless Otherwise Noted)

Nonelderly Consumers Elderly Consumers Children



Arkansas Florida New Jersey Arkansas Florida New Jersey Florida
Sociodemographic*
 Self-identified race
  White only 66.8 77.3 50.4 59.0 69.1 55.2 78.4
  Black only or black and some other race 26.0 18.6 42.7 35.6 27.8 33.8 16.9
  Some other race 7.2 4.1 6.9 5.4 3.0 11.1 4.7
 Hispanic 1.1 18.9 30.3 1.4 33.1 39.9 17.8
 Education
  Less than high school 54.9 19.0 46.1 84.0 30.5 70.0 11.4
  High school graduate 25.4 27.8 26.7 12.9 21.4 13.3 21.9
  Some college 19.7 53.2 27.2 3.2 48.1 16.7 66.7
 Living arrangement
  Lives alone 37.3 9.4 35.9 30.1 26.9 34.7 0.0
  Lives only with spouse 7.5 0.9 7.7 8.7 12.4 11.1 0.0
  Lives with others 55.2 89.9 56.4 61.2 60.9 54.2 100.0
Health and functioning
 Functional independence
  Transfer 36.9 51.9 34.1 34.1 35.2 32.5 39.7
  Bathing 12.5 23.7 13.9 9.5 11.5 13.5 7.8
  Using toilet 36.6 38.6 32.2 32.5 33.1 33.8 16.6
 Used proxy respondent§ 24.7 76.5 28.7 57.4 59.6 49.7 99.8
 Health status
  Excellent or good 20.1 62.4 22.3 22.1 23.6 18.0 59.3
  Fair 29.9 23.5 30.8 31.3 37.6 39.0 28.5
  Poor 50.0 14.1 46.9 46.5 38.9 43.1 12.2
 Total Medicaid expenditures prior year (mean dollars) $11,547 $19,473 $24,677 $7,605 $12,970 $16,740 $18,838
 Medicaid personal care/waiver program expenditures prior year (mean dollars) $2,348 $13,863 $7,466 $2,142 $8,433 $8,648 $7,319
 Had Medicare coverage 38.7 44.1 41.5 95.7 94.3 90.0 0.0
Use of paid and unpaid care
 Had unpaid caregiver 91.4 92.7 84.6 90.5 82.5 83.9 99.8
 Had paid caregiver 55.9 60.1 82.4 72.3 88.5 83.5 60.7
 Was receiving publicly funded home care 60.6 64.7 43.5 79.1 70.6 46.2 59.1
Number of consumers 279 456 404 725 453 467 501
Nonelderly Adults Elderly Adults Children
Arkansas 27.8 72.3 Not eligible
Florida 32.2 32.1 35.6
New Jersey 46.4 53.7 Not eligible
*

The age distribution in each state was:

In Arkansas and New Jersey, elderly adults are age 65 or older; in Florida, they are age 60 or older.

Education is meant to capture that of the primary decision maker for the program. For Florida children education is that of their parents. Education for adults in all three programs is that of the consumer, unless the consumer's representative completed the baseline interview; in that case, it is the representative's education. In particular, 90 percent of nonelderly adults in the Florida program had developmental disabilities, and more than 80 percent of nonelderly adults in that program used representatives. As a result, level of education for Florida's nonelderly adults (and for children) is relatively high. (See Table 2 for the percentages using a representative for all groups.)

Reference period for functioning and presence of caregivers was the week before the baseline survey. Consumers are categorized as functioning independently if they performed the activities without direct or standby assistance.

§

A proxy respondent is one who answered the majority of baseline survey questions for the consumer.

For Arkansas, the percentages reflect whether consumers were receiving publicly funded home care at baseline, regardless of how long they had been receiving it. For Florida and New Jersey, the percentages reflect whether consumers were receiving publicly funded home care for 6 months or longer at baseline. The measures differ because the Florida and New Jersey programs required beneficiaries to be receiving agency services (or, in New Jersey, to be assessed to receive them) when they enrolled; Arkansas did not have this requirement.

Source: Program records for age and use of publicly funded home care for Florida and New Jersey; Medicaid records for Medicaid expenditures and Medicare coverage; and MPR baseline survey of consumers for all other characteristics (including use of publicly funded home care for Arkansas).