Table 2.

Strategy for Leading Change

	Executive Leaders	Team Leaders	Staff
Engage	How do I make the world a better place?	How do I make the world a better place?	How do I make the world a better place?
	How do I create an organization that is safe for patients and rewarding for staff?	How do I create a unit that is safe for patients and rewarding for staff?	Do I believe I can change the world, starting with my unit?
	How does this strategy fit our mission?	How do I touch their hearts?	Can I help make my unit safer for patients and a better place to work?
Educate	What do I need to do?	What do I need to do?	What do I need to do?
	What is the business case?	What is the evidence?	Why is this change important?
	How do I engage the board and medical staff?	Are executive and medical staff aware of evidence, agree with it, able to implement it?	How are patient outcomes likely to improve?
	How can I monitor progress?	Are there tools to help me develop a plan?	How does my daily work need to change?
		Where do I go for support?
Execute	How do we ensure we do it?	How do we ensure we do it?	How do we ensure we do it?
	Do the Board and Medical Staff support the plan and have the skills and vision to implement?	Do staff know the plan and do they have the skills and commitment to implement?	Can I be a better team member and team leader?
	How do I know the team has sufficient resources, incentives and organizational support?	How do we ensure we do it? Have we tailored this to our environment?	How can I share what I know to make care better?
		Am I learning from defects?
Evaluate	How will I know I made a difference?	How will I know I made a difference?	How will I know I made a difference?
	Have resources been allocated to collect and use safety data?	Have I created a system for data collection, unit level reporting, and using data to improve it?	What is our unit level report card?
			Is the unit a better place to work?
		Is teamwork better?
	Is the work climate better?	Is the work climate better?	Are patients safer?
	Are patients safer?	Are patients safer?	How do I know?
	How do I know?	How do I know?