Table 3.

Associations between individual-level characteristics, neighborhood-level characteristics, and individual smoking (odds ratios), Taiwan Social Change Survey, 1990, 1995, and 2000

	Women (N = 2942)				Men (N = 2941)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Neighborhood education	1.03		0.95	1.25	0.78**		0.83**	0.85
	(0.85–1.25)a		(0.74–1.23)	(0.90–1.73)	(0.72–0.84)		(0.73–0.93)	(0.69–1.01)
Concentration of elderly people	0.89 (0.80–1.09)		0.87 (0.70–1.09)	0.98 (0.74–1.28)	0.94 (0.87–1.01)		0.95 (0.87–1.03)	0.92 (0.79–1.04)
Neighborhood social disorganization	1.34** (1.11–1.63)		1.23 (0.99–1.54)	1.36* (1.04–1.76)	1.02 (0.95–1.11)		1.03 (0.95–1.12)	1.13* (1.00–1.25)
Individual SES		0.67**	0.69**	0.38**		0.59**	0.63**	0.63**
		(0.37–0.96)	(0.53–0.90)	(0.25–0.57)		(0.42–0.76)	(0.46–0.81)	(0.45–0.80)
Suburban/urban		0.87	0.93	0.98		1.21*	1.06	1.04
		(0.43–1.30)	(0.54–1.58)	(0.52–1.87)		(1.04–1.38)	(0.86–1.26)	(0.83–1.24)
Rural/urban		0.51*	0.64	0.61		1.46*	1.02	1.02
		(-0.11–1.13)	(0.47–1.50)	(0.22–1.71)		(1.04–1.49)	(0.71–1.33)	(0.70–1.34)
Age 40–59/age 20–39		1.06				0.67**	0.67**	0.68**
		(0.76–1.35)				(0.49–0.85)	(0.50–0.84)	(0.50–0.85)
Age 60+/age 20–39		0.91				0.48**	0.50**	0.50**
		(0.50–1.31)				(0.24–0.72)	(0.26–0.73)	(0.27–0.74)
Taiwanese		0.30**	0.31**	0.28**		0.98
		(0.01–0.60)	(0.23–0.42)	(0.21–0.37)		(0.78–1.19)
Married		0.28**	0.29**	0.23**		0.94
		(0.03–0.54)	(0.23–0.37)	(0.18–0.29)		(0.77–1.12)
Year 1990/year 2000		1.50				1.53**	1.53**	1.55**
		(0.99–2.00)				(1.34–1.72)	(1.34–1.72)	(1.35–1.74)
Year 1995/year 2000		1.36				1.17	1.16	1.18
		(0.82–1.90)				(0.99–1.35)	(0.98–1.34)	(1.00–1.36)
Neighborhood education × individual SES				0.61* (0.41–0.89)				0.95 (0.77–1.13)
Concentration of the elderly people × individual SES				0.78 (0.52–1.17)				1.06 (0.91–1.22)
Neighborhood social disorganization × individual SES				0.88 (0.60–1.29)				0.85* (0.69–1.01)

*P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ^a95% confidence interval